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Mechatronics Research Lab Publications
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2020
64.
Fangzhou Xia; Chen Yang; Yi Wang; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Model and Controller Design for High-speed Atomic Force Microscope Imaging and Autotuning Proceedings Article
In: 2020 ASPE Spring Topical Meeting on Design and Control of Precision Mechatronic Systems, pp. 99–104, ASPE ASPE, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_Imaging_Autotuning,
title = {Model and Controller Design for High-speed Atomic Force Microscope Imaging and Autotuning},
author = {Fangzhou Xia and Chen Yang and Yi Wang and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://www.dropbox.com/s/vekbaco9oq3kkuu/2020%20Spring%20Topical%20Design%20and%20Controls%20Proceedings%20revised%20DT.pdf?dl=0},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-08},
booktitle = {2020 ASPE Spring Topical Meeting on Design and Control of Precision Mechatronic Systems},
pages = {99--104},
publisher = {ASPE},
organization = {ASPE},
abstract = {Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a powerful nano-scale surface measurement instrument. However, significant operator experience is needed for successful imaging. Parameters of the PID controller for probe deflection or oscillation regulation are tuned by the operator based on visual inspection of the trace and retrace tracking performance. With the development of high-speed AFM and for the purpose of operation overhead reduction, automated parameter tuning of the controller is needed. In this work, we propose a unified framework with various control and image generation improvement methods for contact mode AFM, starting first with an automated PID controller tuning and scan speed adjustment method. Second, we discuss three methods to improve imaging performance including location-based sampling, line-based feedforward and error-corrected image generation. Third, in cases where topography variation and material properties are non-uniform across the sample surface, a single neuron PID is designed for model-free adaptive tracking. With a lumped parameter AFM model created in Matlab Simulink, the proposed algorithms are evaluated in simulation to demonstrate their effectiveness. The methods are summarized into a unified framework where methods can be automatically selected after initialization to improve AFM imaging performance.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a powerful nano-scale surface measurement instrument. However, significant operator experience is needed for successful imaging. Parameters of the PID controller for probe deflection or oscillation regulation are tuned by the operator based on visual inspection of the trace and retrace tracking performance. With the development of high-speed AFM and for the purpose of operation overhead reduction, automated parameter tuning of the controller is needed. In this work, we propose a unified framework with various control and image generation improvement methods for contact mode AFM, starting first with an automated PID controller tuning and scan speed adjustment method. Second, we discuss three methods to improve imaging performance including location-based sampling, line-based feedforward and error-corrected image generation. Third, in cases where topography variation and material properties are non-uniform across the sample surface, a single neuron PID is designed for model-free adaptive tracking. With a lumped parameter AFM model created in Matlab Simulink, the proposed algorithms are evaluated in simulation to demonstrate their effectiveness. The methods are summarized into a unified framework where methods can be automatically selected after initialization to improve AFM imaging performance.
63.
Chen Yang; Nicolas Verbeek; Fangzhou Xia; Yi Wang; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Modeling and Control of Piezoelectric Hysteresis: A Polynomial-Based Fractional Order Disturbance Compensation Approach Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, ISSN: 1557-9948.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_Charge_Controller_PBFODC,
title = {Modeling and Control of Piezoelectric Hysteresis: A Polynomial-Based Fractional Order Disturbance Compensation Approach},
author = {Chen Yang and Nicolas Verbeek and Fangzhou Xia and Yi Wang and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9027124},
doi = {10.1109/TIE.2020.2977567},
issn = {1557-9948},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-06},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Piezoelectric hysteresis is a critical issue that significantly degrades the motion accuracy of piezo-actuated nanopositioners. Such an issue is difficult to be precisely modeled and compensated for, primarily due to its asymmetric, rate and input amplitude dependent characteristics. This paper proposes a novel method to deal with this challenge. Specifically, a polynomial-based fractional order disturbance model is proposed to accommodate and characterize the complex hysteresis effect. In this model, the rate dependency is captured by a general method of implementing curve fitting in Bode magnitude plot. The inverse model for control purposes is immediately available from the original one. The proposed method does not require expensive computational resources. In fact, this paper shows that this controller can be easily implemented in an analog manner, which brings the advantages of high-bandwidth and low-cost. Extensive modeling and tracking experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the piezoelectric hysteresis nonlinearity can be significantly suppressed over a wide bandwidth.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Piezoelectric hysteresis is a critical issue that significantly degrades the motion accuracy of piezo-actuated nanopositioners. Such an issue is difficult to be precisely modeled and compensated for, primarily due to its asymmetric, rate and input amplitude dependent characteristics. This paper proposes a novel method to deal with this challenge. Specifically, a polynomial-based fractional order disturbance model is proposed to accommodate and characterize the complex hysteresis effect. In this model, the rate dependency is captured by a general method of implementing curve fitting in Bode magnitude plot. The inverse model for control purposes is immediately available from the original one. The proposed method does not require expensive computational resources. In fact, this paper shows that this controller can be easily implemented in an analog manner, which brings the advantages of high-bandwidth and low-cost. Extensive modeling and tracking experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the piezoelectric hysteresis nonlinearity can be significantly suppressed over a wide bandwidth.
62.
Kevin Vanslette; Abdullatif Al Alsheikh; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Why simple quadrature is just as good as Monte Carlo Journal Article
In: Monte Carlo Methods and Applications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2020, ISSN: 1569-3961.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_Quadrature_Monte_Carlo,
title = {Why simple quadrature is just as good as Monte Carlo},
author = {Kevin Vanslette and Abdullatif Al Alsheikh and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mcma-2020-2055},
doi = {10.1515/mcma-2020-2055},
issn = {1569-3961},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-01},
journal = {Monte Carlo Methods and Applications},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {1–16},
publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
abstract = {We motive and calculate Newton–Cotes quadrature integration variance and compare it directly with Monte Carlo (MC) integration variance. We find an equivalence between deterministic quadrature sampling and random MC sampling by noting that MC random sampling is statistically indistinguishable from a method that uses deterministic sampling on a randomly shuffled (permuted) function. We use this statistical equivalence to regularize the form of permissible Bayesian quadrature integration priors such that they are guaranteed to be objectively comparable with MC. This leads to the proof that simple quadrature methods have expected variances that are less than or equal to their corresponding theoretical MC integration variances. Separately, using Bayesian probability theory, we find that the theoretical standard deviations of the unbiased errors of simple Newton–Cotes composite quadrature integrations improve over their worst case errors by an extra dimension independent factor ∝ N−1/2 This dimension independent factor is validated in our simulations.},
keywords = {Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We motive and calculate Newton–Cotes quadrature integration variance and compare it directly with Monte Carlo (MC) integration variance. We find an equivalence between deterministic quadrature sampling and random MC sampling by noting that MC random sampling is statistically indistinguishable from a method that uses deterministic sampling on a randomly shuffled (permuted) function. We use this statistical equivalence to regularize the form of permissible Bayesian quadrature integration priors such that they are guaranteed to be objectively comparable with MC. This leads to the proof that simple quadrature methods have expected variances that are less than or equal to their corresponding theoretical MC integration variances. Separately, using Bayesian probability theory, we find that the theoretical standard deviations of the unbiased errors of simple Newton–Cotes composite quadrature integrations improve over their worst case errors by an extra dimension independent factor ∝ N−1/2 This dimension independent factor is validated in our simulations.
2019
61.
Juan Heredia; Jonathan Tirado; Vladislav Panov; Miguel Altamirano Cabrera; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Dzmitry Tsetserukou
RecyGlide: A Forearm-Worn Multi-Modal Haptic Display Aimed to Improve User VR Immersion Submission Proceedings Article
In: 25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1-2, Association for Computing Machinery, 2019, ISBN: 9781450370011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_VR_Multi_Modal_Display,
title = {RecyGlide: A Forearm-Worn Multi-Modal Haptic Display Aimed to Improve User VR Immersion Submission},
author = {Juan Heredia and Jonathan Tirado and Vladislav Panov and Miguel Altamirano Cabrera and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Dzmitry Tsetserukou},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3359996.3364759},
doi = {10.1145/3359996.3364759},
isbn = {9781450370011},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-01},
booktitle = {25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology},
pages = {1-2},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
abstract = {Haptic devices have been employed to immerse users in VR environments. In particular, hand and finger haptic devices have been deeply developed. However, this type of devices occludes hand detection for some tracking systems, or, for some other tracking systems, it is uncomfortable for the users to wear two different devices (haptic and tracking device) on both hands. We introduce RecyGlide, a novel wearable multimodal display located at the forearm. The RecyGlide is composed of inverted five-bar linkages with 2 degrees of freedom (DoF) and vibration motors (see Fig. 1.(a). The device provides multimodal tactile feedback such as slippage, force vector, pressure, and vibration. We tested the discrimination ability of monomodal and multimodal stimuli patterns on the forearm and confirmed that the multimodal patterns have higher recognition rate. This haptic device was used in VR applications, and we proved that it enhances VR experience and makes it more interactive.},
keywords = {Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Haptic devices have been employed to immerse users in VR environments. In particular, hand and finger haptic devices have been deeply developed. However, this type of devices occludes hand detection for some tracking systems, or, for some other tracking systems, it is uncomfortable for the users to wear two different devices (haptic and tracking device) on both hands. We introduce RecyGlide, a novel wearable multimodal display located at the forearm. The RecyGlide is composed of inverted five-bar linkages with 2 degrees of freedom (DoF) and vibration motors (see Fig. 1.(a). The device provides multimodal tactile feedback such as slippage, force vector, pressure, and vibration. We tested the discrimination ability of monomodal and multimodal stimuli patterns on the forearm and confirmed that the multimodal patterns have higher recognition rate. This haptic device was used in VR applications, and we proved that it enhances VR experience and makes it more interactive.
60.
Kevin Vanslette; Tony Tohme; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
A general model validation and testing tool Journal Article
In: Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 195, pp. 106684, 2019, ISSN: 0951-8320.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Probabilistic neural networks for robust machine learning, Simulation
@article{MRL_Model_Validation_Testing,
title = {A general model validation and testing tool},
author = {Kevin Vanslette and Tony Tohme and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832019302571},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106684},
issn = {0951-8320},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-28},
journal = {Reliability Engineering & System Safety},
volume = {195},
pages = {106684},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {We construct and propose the “Bayesian Validation Metric” (BVM) as a general model validation and testing tool. We find the BVM to be capable of representing all of the standard validation metrics (square error, reliability, probability of agreement, frequentist, area, probability density comparison, statistical hypothesis testing, and Bayesian model testing) as special cases and find that it can be used to improve, generalize, or further quantify their uncertainties. Thus, the BVM allows us to assess the similarities and differences between existing validation metrics in a new light. The BVM has the capacity to allow users to invent and select models according to novel validation requirements. We formulate and test a few novel compound validation metrics that improve upon other validation metrics in the literature. Further, we construct the BVM Ratio for the purpose of quantifying model selection under user defined definitions of agreement in the presence or absence of uncertainty. This construction generalizes the Bayesian model testing framework.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Probabilistic neural networks for robust machine learning, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We construct and propose the “Bayesian Validation Metric” (BVM) as a general model validation and testing tool. We find the BVM to be capable of representing all of the standard validation metrics (square error, reliability, probability of agreement, frequentist, area, probability density comparison, statistical hypothesis testing, and Bayesian model testing) as special cases and find that it can be used to improve, generalize, or further quantify their uncertainties. Thus, the BVM allows us to assess the similarities and differences between existing validation metrics in a new light. The BVM has the capacity to allow users to invent and select models according to novel validation requirements. We formulate and test a few novel compound validation metrics that improve upon other validation metrics in the literature. Further, we construct the BVM Ratio for the purpose of quantifying model selection under user defined definitions of agreement in the presence or absence of uncertainty. This construction generalizes the Bayesian model testing framework.
59.
Fangzhou Xia; Chen Yang; Yi Wang; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Bandwidth Based Repetitive Controller Design for a Modular Multi-actuated AFM Scanner Proceedings Article
In: 2019 American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 3776–3781, IEEE IEEE, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_Bandwidth_Based_Repetitive_Control,
title = {Bandwidth Based Repetitive Controller Design for a Modular Multi-actuated AFM Scanner},
author = {Fangzhou Xia and Chen Yang and Yi Wang and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8814642},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2019.8814642},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-29},
booktitle = {2019 American Control Conference (ACC)},
pages = {3776--3781},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {High-Speed Atomic Force Micrscopy (HSAFM) enables visualization of dynamic processes and helps with understanding of fundamental behaviors at the nano-scale. Ideally, the HSAFM video frames should have high fidelity, high resolution, and a wide scanning range. Unfortunately, it is very difficult for scanners to simultaneously achieve high scanning bandwidth and large range. Since the first bending mode of large piezos is a major limiting factor, we propose an alternative design by stacking multiple short range piezo actuators. This approach allows significant increase of scanner bandwidth (over 20 kHz) while maintaining large travel range (over 20 μm). The modular design also facilitates the easy adjustment of scanner travel range. In this paper, we first discuss the design and assembly of this scanner. We then present the modeling and control of this multi-actuated scanner. A comparative study is then given on the performance of different controllers. These include a PID controller, a LQR based controller and a bandwidth based repetitive controller. The proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in tracking performance when utilized with the scanner using optimized input trajectories.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
High-Speed Atomic Force Micrscopy (HSAFM) enables visualization of dynamic processes and helps with understanding of fundamental behaviors at the nano-scale. Ideally, the HSAFM video frames should have high fidelity, high resolution, and a wide scanning range. Unfortunately, it is very difficult for scanners to simultaneously achieve high scanning bandwidth and large range. Since the first bending mode of large piezos is a major limiting factor, we propose an alternative design by stacking multiple short range piezo actuators. This approach allows significant increase of scanner bandwidth (over 20 kHz) while maintaining large travel range (over 20 μm). The modular design also facilitates the easy adjustment of scanner travel range. In this paper, we first discuss the design and assembly of this scanner. We then present the modeling and control of this multi-actuated scanner. A comparative study is then given on the performance of different controllers. These include a PID controller, a LQR based controller and a bandwidth based repetitive controller. The proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in tracking performance when utilized with the scanner using optimized input trajectories.
58.
Chen Yang; Fangzhou Xia; Yi Wang; Stephen Truncale; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Design and Control of a Multi-Actuated Nanopositioning Stage with Stacked Structure Proceedings Article
In: 2019 American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 3782–3788, IEEE IEEE, 2019, ISBN: 978-1-5386-7926-5.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_Stacked_Nanopositioner,
title = {Design and Control of a Multi-Actuated Nanopositioning Stage with Stacked Structure},
author = {Chen Yang and Fangzhou Xia and Yi Wang and Stephen Truncale and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8815299},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2019.8815299},
isbn = {978-1-5386-7926-5},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-29},
booktitle = {2019 American Control Conference (ACC)},
pages = {3782--3788},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {A novel multi-actuated nanopositioning stage with stacked structure has been developed. The aim is to achieve both high bandwidth and large motion range. Symmetric flexures are designed to obtain equal stiffness along any direction in the lateral plane. With this design, the lateral stiffness and corresponding bending mode resonance frequency can be optimized. Both analytical model and finite element analysis are employed to predict the dominant resonance frequency. Experimental results indicate that the dominant resonance of nanopositioner is at 28.2 kHz, with a motion range of 16.5J.1m. A disturbance-observer-based controller is implemented to suppress the hysteretic nonlinearity. The new design and control system enable high-bandwidth and high-precision nanopositioning up to 2 kHz.},
keywords = {Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A novel multi-actuated nanopositioning stage with stacked structure has been developed. The aim is to achieve both high bandwidth and large motion range. Symmetric flexures are designed to obtain equal stiffness along any direction in the lateral plane. With this design, the lateral stiffness and corresponding bending mode resonance frequency can be optimized. Both analytical model and finite element analysis are employed to predict the dominant resonance frequency. Experimental results indicate that the dominant resonance of nanopositioner is at 28.2 kHz, with a motion range of 16.5J.1m. A disturbance-observer-based controller is implemented to suppress the hysteretic nonlinearity. The new design and control system enable high-bandwidth and high-precision nanopositioning up to 2 kHz.
57.
You Wu; Elizabeth Mittmann; Crystal Winston; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
A Practical Minimalism Approach to In-pipe Robot Localization Proceedings Article
In: 2019 American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 3180-3187, IEEE IEEE, 2019, ISBN: 978-1-5386-7926-5.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Pipe_Robot_Localization,
title = {A Practical Minimalism Approach to In-pipe Robot Localization},
author = {You Wu and Elizabeth Mittmann and Crystal Winston and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8814648},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2019.8814648},
isbn = {978-1-5386-7926-5},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-19},
booktitle = {2019 American Control Conference (ACC)},
pages = {3180-3187},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Water pipe leakage is a common and significant problem around the world. In recent years, an increasing amount of effort has been put into developing effective leak detection solutions for water pipes. Among them, the pressure gradient based method developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology excels for its sensitivity in low pressure, small diameter pipes. It can also work in both plastic and metallic pipes. However, in order for leaks detected to be fixed, one must also know the locations of the leaks. In addition, sensing the robot's location via GPS or remote sensors requires greater power and relies on certain ground properties. Thus this paper sets out to localize the robot using only the on board sensors which are an IMU, gyro, and the leak sensors. Through pipe joint measurement and the extended Kalman filter simulations show the tracking error is about 0.5% of the total distance of the robotic inspection. With a minimal number of additional leak sensors added, a complementary method was developed to function in more heavily tuberculated pipes.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Water pipe leakage is a common and significant problem around the world. In recent years, an increasing amount of effort has been put into developing effective leak detection solutions for water pipes. Among them, the pressure gradient based method developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology excels for its sensitivity in low pressure, small diameter pipes. It can also work in both plastic and metallic pipes. However, in order for leaks detected to be fixed, one must also know the locations of the leaks. In addition, sensing the robot's location via GPS or remote sensors requires greater power and relies on certain ground properties. Thus this paper sets out to localize the robot using only the on board sensors which are an IMU, gyro, and the leak sensors. Through pipe joint measurement and the extended Kalman filter simulations show the tracking error is about 0.5% of the total distance of the robotic inspection. With a minimal number of additional leak sensors added, a complementary method was developed to function in more heavily tuberculated pipes.
56.
Erik Gest; Mikio Furokawa; Takayuki Hirano; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Design of Versatile and Low-Cost Shaft Sensor for Health Monitoring Proceedings Article
In: pp. 1926-1932, IEEE IEEE, 2019, ISBN: 978-1-5386-6027-0.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_Shaft_Sensor_Health_Monitoring,
title = {Design of Versatile and Low-Cost Shaft Sensor for Health Monitoring},
author = {Erik Gest and Mikio Furokawa and Takayuki Hirano and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8794408},
doi = {10.1109/ICRA.2019.8794408},
isbn = {978-1-5386-6027-0},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-12},
pages = {1926-1932},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Virtually every mechanized form of transportation, power generation system, industrial equipment, and robotic system has rotating shafts. As the shaft is often the main means of mechanical power transmission, measuring the torque, speed, vibration, and bending of the shaft can be used in many cases to access device performance and health and to implement controls. This paper proposes a shaft sensor that measures all of these phenomena with reasonable accuracy while having a low cost and simple installation process. This sensor transfers strain from the shaft and amplifies it to increase sensitivity. Furthermore, this sensor requires no components to be in the stationary reference frame, allowing the entire device to rotate with the shaft. A prototype is presented. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Virtually every mechanized form of transportation, power generation system, industrial equipment, and robotic system has rotating shafts. As the shaft is often the main means of mechanical power transmission, measuring the torque, speed, vibration, and bending of the shaft can be used in many cases to access device performance and health and to implement controls. This paper proposes a shaft sensor that measures all of these phenomena with reasonable accuracy while having a low cost and simple installation process. This sensor transfers strain from the shaft and amplifies it to increase sensitivity. Furthermore, this sensor requires no components to be in the stationary reference frame, allowing the entire device to rotate with the shaft. A prototype is presented. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
2018
55.
Chen Yang; Changle Li; Fangzhou Xia; Yanhe Zhu; Jie Zhao; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Charge Controller With Decoupled and Self-Compensating Configurations for Linear Operation of Piezoelectric Actuators in a Wide Bandwidth Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 5392–5402, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, Instrumentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_Charge_Controller_Self_Compensating,
title = {Charge Controller With Decoupled and Self-Compensating Configurations for Linear Operation of Piezoelectric Actuators in a Wide Bandwidth},
author = {Chen Yang and Changle Li and Fangzhou Xia and Yanhe Zhu and Jie Zhao and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8466119},
doi = {10.1109/TIE.2018.2868321},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-14},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
volume = {66},
number = {7},
pages = {5392--5402},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Charge control is a well-known sensorless approach to operate piezoelectric actuators, which has been proposed for more than 30 years. However, it is rarely used in industry because the implemented controllers suffer from the issues of limited low-frequency performance, long settling time, floating-load, and loss of stroke, etc. In this paper, a novel controller circuit dedicated to overcome these issues is presented. In the proposed scheme, a grounded-load charge controller with decoupled configuration is developed, which separates high-frequency and low-frequency paths, thus achieving arbitrarily low transition frequency without increasing the settling time. Based on this, a self-compensating configuration is further proposed and integrated into the controller circuit, which makes full use of controller output to improve its own control performance at low frequencies. Experimental results show that the presented charge controller can effectively reduce more than 88% of the hysteretic nonlinearity even when operating close to the transition frequency. To demonstrate its practical value, we then integrate it into a custom-designed high-speed atomic force microscope system. By comparing images obtained from using voltage drive and charge controller, it is clear that the piezoelectric hysteresis has been significantly reduced in a wide bandwidth.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, Instrumentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Charge control is a well-known sensorless approach to operate piezoelectric actuators, which has been proposed for more than 30 years. However, it is rarely used in industry because the implemented controllers suffer from the issues of limited low-frequency performance, long settling time, floating-load, and loss of stroke, etc. In this paper, a novel controller circuit dedicated to overcome these issues is presented. In the proposed scheme, a grounded-load charge controller with decoupled configuration is developed, which separates high-frequency and low-frequency paths, thus achieving arbitrarily low transition frequency without increasing the settling time. Based on this, a self-compensating configuration is further proposed and integrated into the controller circuit, which makes full use of controller output to improve its own control performance at low frequencies. Experimental results show that the presented charge controller can effectively reduce more than 88% of the hysteretic nonlinearity even when operating close to the transition frequency. To demonstrate its practical value, we then integrate it into a custom-designed high-speed atomic force microscope system. By comparing images obtained from using voltage drive and charge controller, it is clear that the piezoelectric hysteresis has been significantly reduced in a wide bandwidth.
54.
Fangzhou Xia; Stephen Truncale; Yi Wang; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Design and Control of a Multi-actuated High-bandwidth and Large-range Scanner for Atomic Force Microscopy Proceedings Article
In: 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 4330–4335, IEEE IEEE, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_Dual_Actuated_Scanner,
title = {Design and Control of a Multi-actuated High-bandwidth and Large-range Scanner for Atomic Force Microscopy},
author = {Fangzhou Xia and Stephen Truncale and Yi Wang and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8431801},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2018.8431801},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-16},
booktitle = {2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC)},
pages = {4330--4335},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) with high-speed and large-range capabilities open up possibilities for many new applications. It is desirable to have a large scanning range along with zooming ability to obtain high resolution and high frame-rate imaging. Such capabilities will increase the imaging throughput and allow more sophisticated observations at the nanoscale. Unfortunately, in-plane scanning of conventional piezo tube scanners typically covers a large range of hundreds of microns but has limited bandwidth up to several hundred Hertz. The main focus of this paper is the multi-actuated piezo scanner design and control algorithm to achieve high-speed tracking. Three design strategies for structure bandwidth and operational range consideration are presented and evaluated. The non-linear hysteresis effect of the piezo actuators is modeled using the Preisach hysteresis model. PID control, iterative learning control and repetitive control strategies were investigated in simulation. Based on the controllers performance, the repetitive controller is implemented on a high-speed FPGA device and experimentally verified. The new AFM scanner design is capable of 10 kHz tracking at 3 μm range and 200 Hz tracking at 100 μm range.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) with high-speed and large-range capabilities open up possibilities for many new applications. It is desirable to have a large scanning range along with zooming ability to obtain high resolution and high frame-rate imaging. Such capabilities will increase the imaging throughput and allow more sophisticated observations at the nanoscale. Unfortunately, in-plane scanning of conventional piezo tube scanners typically covers a large range of hundreds of microns but has limited bandwidth up to several hundred Hertz. The main focus of this paper is the multi-actuated piezo scanner design and control algorithm to achieve high-speed tracking. Three design strategies for structure bandwidth and operational range consideration are presented and evaluated. The non-linear hysteresis effect of the piezo actuators is modeled using the Preisach hysteresis model. PID control, iterative learning control and repetitive control strategies were investigated in simulation. Based on the controllers performance, the repetitive controller is implemented on a high-speed FPGA device and experimentally verified. The new AFM scanner design is capable of 10 kHz tracking at 3 μm range and 200 Hz tracking at 100 μm range.
53.
H Kurdi; F Ezzat; L Altoaimy; S H Ahmed; K Youcef-Toumi
MultiCuckoo: Multi-Cloud Service Composition Using a Cuckoo-Inspired Algorithm for the Internet of Things Applications Journal Article
In: IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 56737-56749, 2018, ISSN: 2169-3536.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_MultiCuckoo,
title = {MultiCuckoo: Multi-Cloud Service Composition Using a Cuckoo-Inspired Algorithm for the Internet of Things Applications},
author = {H Kurdi and F Ezzat and L Altoaimy and S H Ahmed and K Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8476294?denied=},
doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2872744},
issn = {2169-3536},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Access},
volume = {6},
pages = {56737-56749},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Internet of things (IoT) applications aim to provide access to widespread interconnected networks of smart devices, services, and information. This can be achieved by integrating IoT and cloud computing (CC). By using cloud computing service composition (SC), multiple services from various providers can be combined to meet users' requirements. However, SC is known for its complexity and is classified as an NP-hard problem; such problems are usually approached using heuristics, such as bioinspired algorithms. This paper aims at developing a bio-inspired algorithm that mimics the behavior of cuckoo birds (which examine the nests of other birds to find eggs similar to their own) to find a composite service that fulfills a user's request in a multi-cloud environment (MCE). Previous work on cuckoo-inspired algorithms has generally utilized metaheuristics, which try to fit a “good”solution to a general optimization problem. In contrast, we propose a problem-dependent heuristic that considers the SC problem and its particularities in MCE. The proposed algorithm, MultiCuckoo, was thoroughly evaluated based on a well-controlled experimental framework that benchmarks the performance of the new algorithm to other outstanding SC algorithms, including the all clouds combination algorithm, base cloud combination algorithm, and combinatorial optimization algorithm for multiple cloud service Composition. The results show that our algorithm is more efficient in terms of decreasing the number of examined services, the composed clouds, and the running time in comparison to the benchmark algorithms.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Internet of things (IoT) applications aim to provide access to widespread interconnected networks of smart devices, services, and information. This can be achieved by integrating IoT and cloud computing (CC). By using cloud computing service composition (SC), multiple services from various providers can be combined to meet users' requirements. However, SC is known for its complexity and is classified as an NP-hard problem; such problems are usually approached using heuristics, such as bioinspired algorithms. This paper aims at developing a bio-inspired algorithm that mimics the behavior of cuckoo birds (which examine the nests of other birds to find eggs similar to their own) to find a composite service that fulfills a user's request in a multi-cloud environment (MCE). Previous work on cuckoo-inspired algorithms has generally utilized metaheuristics, which try to fit a “good”solution to a general optimization problem. In contrast, we propose a problem-dependent heuristic that considers the SC problem and its particularities in MCE. The proposed algorithm, MultiCuckoo, was thoroughly evaluated based on a well-controlled experimental framework that benchmarks the performance of the new algorithm to other outstanding SC algorithms, including the all clouds combination algorithm, base cloud combination algorithm, and combinatorial optimization algorithm for multiple cloud service Composition. The results show that our algorithm is more efficient in terms of decreasing the number of examined services, the composed clouds, and the running time in comparison to the benchmark algorithms.
2017
52.
Sabrina Titri; Cherif Larbes; Kamal Youcef Toumi; Karima Benatchba
A new MPPT controller based on the Ant colony optimization algorithm for Photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions Journal Article
In: Applied Soft Computing, vol. 58, pp. 465-479, 2017, ISSN: 1568-4946.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Probabilistic neural networks for robust machine learning, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_MPPT_Controller_Ants,
title = {A new MPPT controller based on the Ant colony optimization algorithm for Photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions},
author = {Sabrina Titri and Cherif Larbes and Kamal Youcef Toumi and Karima Benatchba},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568494617302703},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.05.017},
issn = {1568-4946},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
journal = {Applied Soft Computing},
volume = {58},
pages = {465-479},
abstract = {The Maximum Power Point Tracking controller (MPPT) is a key element in Photovoltaic systems (PV). It is used to maintain the PV operating point at its maximum under different temperatures and sunlight irradiations. The goal of a MPPT controller is to satisfy the following performances criteria: accuracy, precision, speed, robustness and handling the partial shading problem when climatic changes variations occur. To achieve this goal, several techniques have been proposed ranging from conventional methods to artificial intelligence and bio-inspired methods. Each technique has its own advantage and disadvantage. In this context, we propose in this paper, a new Bio- inspired MPPT controller based on the Ant colony Optimization algorithm with a New Pheromone Updating strategy (ACO_NPU MPPT) that saves the computation time and performs an excellent tracking capability with high accuracy, zero oscillations and high robustness. First, the different steps of the design of the proposed ACO_NPU MPPT controller are developed. Then, several tests are performed under standard conditions for the selection of the appropriate ACO_NPU parameters (number of ants, coefficients of evaporation, archive size, etc.). To evaluate the performances of the obtained ACO_NPU MPPT, in terms of its tracking speed, accuracy, stability and robustness, tests are carried out under slow and rapid variations of weather conditions (Irradiance and Temperature) and under different partial shading patterns. Moreover, to demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the proposed ACO_NPU_MPPT controller, the obtained results are analyzed and compared with others obtained from the Conventional Methods (P&O_MPPT) and the Soft Computing Methods with Artificial intelligence (ANN_MPPT, FLC_MPPT, ANFIS_MPPT, FL_GA_MPPT) and with the Bio Inspired methods (PSO) and (ACO) from the literature. The obtained results show that the proposed ACO_NPU MPPT controller gives the best performances under variables atmospheric conditions. In addition, it can easily track the global maximum power point (GMPP) under partial shading conditions.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Probabilistic neural networks for robust machine learning, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Maximum Power Point Tracking controller (MPPT) is a key element in Photovoltaic systems (PV). It is used to maintain the PV operating point at its maximum under different temperatures and sunlight irradiations. The goal of a MPPT controller is to satisfy the following performances criteria: accuracy, precision, speed, robustness and handling the partial shading problem when climatic changes variations occur. To achieve this goal, several techniques have been proposed ranging from conventional methods to artificial intelligence and bio-inspired methods. Each technique has its own advantage and disadvantage. In this context, we propose in this paper, a new Bio- inspired MPPT controller based on the Ant colony Optimization algorithm with a New Pheromone Updating strategy (ACO_NPU MPPT) that saves the computation time and performs an excellent tracking capability with high accuracy, zero oscillations and high robustness. First, the different steps of the design of the proposed ACO_NPU MPPT controller are developed. Then, several tests are performed under standard conditions for the selection of the appropriate ACO_NPU parameters (number of ants, coefficients of evaporation, archive size, etc.). To evaluate the performances of the obtained ACO_NPU MPPT, in terms of its tracking speed, accuracy, stability and robustness, tests are carried out under slow and rapid variations of weather conditions (Irradiance and Temperature) and under different partial shading patterns. Moreover, to demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the proposed ACO_NPU_MPPT controller, the obtained results are analyzed and compared with others obtained from the Conventional Methods (P&O_MPPT) and the Soft Computing Methods with Artificial intelligence (ANN_MPPT, FLC_MPPT, ANFIS_MPPT, FL_GA_MPPT) and with the Bio Inspired methods (PSO) and (ACO) from the literature. The obtained results show that the proposed ACO_NPU MPPT controller gives the best performances under variables atmospheric conditions. In addition, it can easily track the global maximum power point (GMPP) under partial shading conditions.
51.
Fangzhou Xia; Iman Soltani Bozchalooi; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Induced Vibration Contact Detection for Minimizing Cantilever Tip-Sample Interaction Forces in Jumping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy Proceedings Article
In: 2017 American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 4141–4146, IEEE IEEE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-5090-5992-8.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_IVCD,
title = {Induced Vibration Contact Detection for Minimizing Cantilever Tip-Sample Interaction Forces in Jumping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy},
author = {Fangzhou Xia and Iman Soltani Bozchalooi and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7963591},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2017.7963591},
isbn = {978-1-5090-5992-8},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-03},
booktitle = {2017 American Control Conference (ACC)},
pages = {4141--4146},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Minimizing tip-sample interaction force is crucial for the performance of atomic force microscopes when imaging delicate samples. Conventional methods based on jumping mode such as peak force tapping require a prescribed maximum interaction force to detect tip-sample contact. However, due to the presence of drag forces (in aqueous environments), noises and cantilever dynamics, the minimal detectable peak force can be large. This results in large tip-sample interaction forces and hence sample damage. To minimize this force, we propose a method based on induction of surface or probe vibrations to detect contact between cantilever probe tip and sample substrate. To illustrate the effectiveness of the method, we report experimental results for contact detection on a PS-LDPE-12M polymer sample. A topography tracking control algorithm based on the proposed contact detection scheme is also presented.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Minimizing tip-sample interaction force is crucial for the performance of atomic force microscopes when imaging delicate samples. Conventional methods based on jumping mode such as peak force tapping require a prescribed maximum interaction force to detect tip-sample contact. However, due to the presence of drag forces (in aqueous environments), noises and cantilever dynamics, the minimal detectable peak force can be large. This results in large tip-sample interaction forces and hence sample damage. To minimize this force, we propose a method based on induction of surface or probe vibrations to detect contact between cantilever probe tip and sample substrate. To illustrate the effectiveness of the method, we report experimental results for contact detection on a PS-LDPE-12M polymer sample. A topography tracking control algorithm based on the proposed contact detection scheme is also presented.
2016
50.
Bo Jiang; Aramazd Muzhikyan; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Demand side management in power grid enterprise control: A comparison of industrial & social welfare approaches Journal Article
In: Applied Energy, vol. 187, pp. 833-846, 2016, ISSN: 0306-2619.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, Robot operated modular fixtures, Robotics & Automation, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_Comparison_Industrial_Social_Welfare,
title = {Demand side management in power grid enterprise control: A comparison of industrial & social welfare approaches},
author = {Bo Jiang and Aramazd Muzhikyan and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261916315410},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.096},
issn = {0306-2619},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-10-25},
journal = {Applied Energy},
volume = {187},
pages = {833-846},
publisher = {ScienceDirect},
abstract = {Despite the recognized importance of demand side management (DSM) for mitigating the impact of variable energy resources and reducing the system costs, the academic and industrial literature have taken divergent approaches to DSM implementation. The prequel to this paper has demonstrated that the netload baseline inflation – a feature particular to the industrial DSM unit commitment formulation – leads to higher and costlier day-ahead scheduling compared to the academic social welfare method. This paper now expands this analysis from a single optimization problem to the full power grid enterprise control with its multiple control layers at their associated time scales. These include unit commitment, economic dispatch and regulation services. It compares the two DSM formulations and quantifies the technical and economic impacts of industrial baseline errors in the day-ahead and real-time markets. The paper concludes that the presence of baseline errors – present only in the industrial model – leads to a cascade of additional system imbalances and costs as compared to the social welfare model. A baseline error introduced in the unit commitment problem will increase costs not just in the day-ahead market, but will also introduce a greater netload error residual in the real-time market causing additional cost and imbalances. These imbalances if left unmitigated degrade system reliability or otherwise require costly regulating reserves to achieve the same performance. An additional baseline error introduced in the economic dispatch further compounds this cascading effect with additional costs in the real-time market, amplified downstream imbalances, and further regulation capacity for its mitigation.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, Robot operated modular fixtures, Robotics & Automation, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Despite the recognized importance of demand side management (DSM) for mitigating the impact of variable energy resources and reducing the system costs, the academic and industrial literature have taken divergent approaches to DSM implementation. The prequel to this paper has demonstrated that the netload baseline inflation – a feature particular to the industrial DSM unit commitment formulation – leads to higher and costlier day-ahead scheduling compared to the academic social welfare method. This paper now expands this analysis from a single optimization problem to the full power grid enterprise control with its multiple control layers at their associated time scales. These include unit commitment, economic dispatch and regulation services. It compares the two DSM formulations and quantifies the technical and economic impacts of industrial baseline errors in the day-ahead and real-time markets. The paper concludes that the presence of baseline errors – present only in the industrial model – leads to a cascade of additional system imbalances and costs as compared to the social welfare model. A baseline error introduced in the unit commitment problem will increase costs not just in the day-ahead market, but will also introduce a greater netload error residual in the real-time market causing additional cost and imbalances. These imbalances if left unmitigated degrade system reliability or otherwise require costly regulating reserves to achieve the same performance. An additional baseline error introduced in the economic dispatch further compounds this cascading effect with additional costs in the real-time market, amplified downstream imbalances, and further regulation capacity for its mitigation.
49.
Bekir Yilbas; Haider Ali; Naseer Al-Aqeeli; Mazen Khaled; Syed Said; Abu Dheir N; Necar Merah; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Kripa Varanasi
Characterization of Environmental Dust in the Dammam Area and Mud After-Effects on Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate Sheets Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 6, pp. 24308, 2016, ISSN: 24308.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, Mechatronic Design, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization
@article{MRL_AFM_Environmental_Dust,
title = {Characterization of Environmental Dust in the Dammam Area and Mud After-Effects on Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate Sheets},
author = {Bekir Yilbas and Haider Ali and Naseer Al-Aqeeli and Mazen Khaled and Syed Said and Abu Dheir N and Necar Merah and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Kripa Varanasi},
doi = {10.1038/srep24308},
issn = {24308},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-16},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {6},
pages = {24308},
publisher = {Nature},
abstract = {Owing to recent climate changes, dust storms are increasingly common, particularly in the Middle East region. Dust accumulation and subsequent mud formation on solid surfaces in humid environments typically have adverse effects on surface properties such as optical transmittance, surface texture and microhardness. This is usually because the mud, which contains alkaline and ionic species, adheres strongly to the surface, often through chemical bonds and is therefore difficult to remove. In this study, environmental dust and the after-effects of mud formed on a polycarbonate sheet, which is commonly used as a protective glass in photovoltaic cells. Ionic compounds (OH−) are shown to significantly affect the optical, mechanical and textural characteristics of the polycarbonate surface and to increase the adhesion work required to remove the dry mud from the polycarbonate surface upon drying. Such ability to modify characteristics of the polycarbonate surface could address the dust/mud-related limitations of superhydrophobic surfaces.},
keywords = {Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, Mechatronic Design, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Owing to recent climate changes, dust storms are increasingly common, particularly in the Middle East region. Dust accumulation and subsequent mud formation on solid surfaces in humid environments typically have adverse effects on surface properties such as optical transmittance, surface texture and microhardness. This is usually because the mud, which contains alkaline and ionic species, adheres strongly to the surface, often through chemical bonds and is therefore difficult to remove. In this study, environmental dust and the after-effects of mud formed on a polycarbonate sheet, which is commonly used as a protective glass in photovoltaic cells. Ionic compounds (OH−) are shown to significantly affect the optical, mechanical and textural characteristics of the polycarbonate surface and to increase the adhesion work required to remove the dry mud from the polycarbonate surface upon drying. Such ability to modify characteristics of the polycarbonate surface could address the dust/mud-related limitations of superhydrophobic surfaces.
48.
Iman Soltani Bozchalooi; Andrew Careaga Houck; Jwaher M. AlGhamdi; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Design and control of multi-actuated atomic force microscope for large-range and high-speed imaging Journal Article
In: vol. 160, pp. 213 - 224, 2016, ISSN: 0304-3991.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Simulation, Visualization
@article{MRL_AFM_LRHS_imaging,
title = {Design and control of multi-actuated atomic force microscope for large-range and high-speed imaging},
author = {Iman Soltani Bozchalooi and Andrew Careaga Houck and Jwaher M. AlGhamdi and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304399115300528 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQ-zE6wA61c},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.10.016},
issn = {0304-3991},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
volume = {160},
pages = {213 - 224},
abstract = {This paper presents the design and control of a high-speed and large-range atomic force microscopy (AFM). A multi-actuation scheme is proposed where several nano-positioners cooperate to achieve the range and speed requirements. A simple data-based control design methodology is presented to effectively operate the AFM scanner components. The proposed controllers compensate for the coupled dynamics and divide the positioning responsibilities between the scanner components. As a result, the multi-actuated scanner behavior is equivalent to that of a single X–Y–Z positioner with large range and high speed. The scanner of the designed AFM is composed of five nano-positioners, features 6μm out-of-plane and 120μm lateral ranges and is capable of high-speed operation. The presented AFM has a modular design with laser spot size of 3.5μm suitable for small cantilever, an optical view of the sample and probe, a conveniently large waterproof sample stage and a 20MHz data throughput for high resolution image acquisition at high imaging speeds. This AFM is used to visualize etching of calcite in a solution of sulfuric acid. Layer-by-layer dissolution and pit formation along the crystalline lines in a low pH environment is observed in real time.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, Fabrication, Instrumentation, Mechatronic Design, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the design and control of a high-speed and large-range atomic force microscopy (AFM). A multi-actuation scheme is proposed where several nano-positioners cooperate to achieve the range and speed requirements. A simple data-based control design methodology is presented to effectively operate the AFM scanner components. The proposed controllers compensate for the coupled dynamics and divide the positioning responsibilities between the scanner components. As a result, the multi-actuated scanner behavior is equivalent to that of a single X–Y–Z positioner with large range and high speed. The scanner of the designed AFM is composed of five nano-positioners, features 6μm out-of-plane and 120μm lateral ranges and is capable of high-speed operation. The presented AFM has a modular design with laser spot size of 3.5μm suitable for small cantilever, an optical view of the sample and probe, a conveniently large waterproof sample stage and a 20MHz data throughput for high resolution image acquisition at high imaging speeds. This AFM is used to visualize etching of calcite in a solution of sulfuric acid. Layer-by-layer dissolution and pit formation along the crystalline lines in a low pH environment is observed in real time.
2015
47.
You Wu; Antoine Noel; David Donghyun Kim; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Rached Ben-Mansour
Design of a maneuverable swimming robot for in-pipe missions Proceedings Article
In: 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 4864-4871, IEEE IEEE, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4799-9994-1.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Experimentation, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_In_Pipe_Missions,
title = {Design of a maneuverable swimming robot for in-pipe missions},
author = {You Wu and Antoine Noel and David Donghyun Kim and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Rached Ben-Mansour},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7354061},
doi = {10.1109/IROS.2015.7354061},
isbn = {978-1-4799-9994-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-17},
booktitle = {2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
pages = {4864-4871},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Autonomous underwater robots provide opportunities to perform missions in confined environments such as water pipe networks. They can carry sensors in these pipes and perform tasks such as mapping and inspection. Those robots must have a high level of maneuverability in order to navigate through complex networks of pipes with irregularities due to rust and calcite deposition. We propose a fully integrated, untethered robot capable of carrying sensors and maneuver into water pipe networks. The objective of this paper is to present (i) the optimal shape design and (ii) a propulsion system selection and sizing procedure for such robots. A prototype is built to demonstrate the basic elements of maneuverability, including following straight lines and making sharp turns.},
keywords = {Experimentation, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Autonomous underwater robots provide opportunities to perform missions in confined environments such as water pipe networks. They can carry sensors in these pipes and perform tasks such as mapping and inspection. Those robots must have a high level of maneuverability in order to navigate through complex networks of pipes with irregularities due to rust and calcite deposition. We propose a fully integrated, untethered robot capable of carrying sensors and maneuver into water pipe networks. The objective of this paper is to present (i) the optimal shape design and (ii) a propulsion system selection and sizing procedure for such robots. A prototype is built to demonstrate the basic elements of maneuverability, including following straight lines and making sharp turns.
46.
Amro M Farid; Bo Jiang; Aramazd Muzhikyan; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
The need for holistic enterprise control assessment methods for the future electricity grid Journal Article
In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 56, pp. 669-685, 2015, ISSN: 1364-0321.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_Holistic_Assessment_Electricity_Grid,
title = {The need for holistic enterprise control assessment methods for the future electricity grid},
author = {Amro M Farid and Bo Jiang and Aramazd Muzhikyan and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115012599},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.007},
issn = {1364-0321},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-17},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
volume = {56},
pages = {669-685},
publisher = {elsevier},
abstract = {Recently, the academic and industrial literature has coalesced around an enhanced vision of the electric power grid that is responsive, dynamic, adaptive and flexible. As driven by decarbonization, reliability, transportation electrification, consumer participation and deregulation, this future grid will undergo technical, economic and regulatory changes to bring about the incorporation of renewable energy and incentivized demand side management and control. As a result, the power grid will experience fundamental changes in its physical system structure and behavior that will consequently require enhanced and integrated control, automation, and IT-driven management functions in what is called enterprise control. While these requirements will open a plethora of opportunities for new control technologies, many of these solutions are largely overlapping in function. Their overall contribution to holistic techno-economic control objectives and their underlying dynamic properties are less than clear. Piece-meal integration and a lack of coordinated assessment could bring about costly-overbuilt solutions or even worse unintended reliability consequences. This work, thus, reviews these existing trends in the power grid evolution. It then motivates the need for holistic methods of integrated assessment that manage the diversity of control solutions against their many competing objectives and contrasts these requirements to existing variable energy resource integration studies. The work concludes with a holistic framework for “enterprise control” assessment of the future power grid and suggests directions for future work.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recently, the academic and industrial literature has coalesced around an enhanced vision of the electric power grid that is responsive, dynamic, adaptive and flexible. As driven by decarbonization, reliability, transportation electrification, consumer participation and deregulation, this future grid will undergo technical, economic and regulatory changes to bring about the incorporation of renewable energy and incentivized demand side management and control. As a result, the power grid will experience fundamental changes in its physical system structure and behavior that will consequently require enhanced and integrated control, automation, and IT-driven management functions in what is called enterprise control. While these requirements will open a plethora of opportunities for new control technologies, many of these solutions are largely overlapping in function. Their overall contribution to holistic techno-economic control objectives and their underlying dynamic properties are less than clear. Piece-meal integration and a lack of coordinated assessment could bring about costly-overbuilt solutions or even worse unintended reliability consequences. This work, thus, reviews these existing trends in the power grid evolution. It then motivates the need for holistic methods of integrated assessment that manage the diversity of control solutions against their many competing objectives and contrasts these requirements to existing variable energy resource integration studies. The work concludes with a holistic framework for “enterprise control” assessment of the future power grid and suggests directions for future work.
45.
Ahmed Owais; Mazen M Khaled; Bekir S Yilbas; Numan Abu-Dheir; Kripa K Varanasi; Kamal Y Toumi
Surface and wetting characteristics of textured bisphenol-A based polycarbonate surfaces: Acetone-induced crystallization texturing methods Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 133, no. 14, 2015, ISSN: 43074.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization
@article{MRL_AFM_Surface_Wetting_Poly_Surfaces,
title = {Surface and wetting characteristics of textured bisphenol-A based polycarbonate surfaces: Acetone-induced crystallization texturing methods},
author = {Ahmed Owais and Mazen M Khaled and Bekir S Yilbas and Numan Abu-Dheir and Kripa K Varanasi and Kamal Y Toumi},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/app.43074},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/app.43074},
issn = {43074},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-12},
journal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science},
volume = {133},
number = {14},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {ABSTRACT Polycarbonate (PC) sheet is a promising material for facile patterning to induce hydrophobic self-cleaning and dust repelling properties for photovoltaic panels’ protection. An investigation to texture PC sheet surfaces to develop a self-cleaning structure using solvent induced-crystallization is carried out using acetone. Acetone is applied in both liquid and vapor states to generate a hierarchically structured surface that would improve its contacts angle and therefore improve hydrophobicity. The surface texture is investigated and characterized using atomic force microscopy, contact angle technique (Goniometer), optical microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings revealed that the liquid acetone-induced crystallization of PC surface leads to a hierarchal and hydrophobic surface with an average contact angle of 135° and average transmittance <2%. However, the acetone vapor induced-crystallization results in a slightly hydrophilic hierarchal textured surface with high transmittance; in which case, average contact angle of 89° and average transmittance of 69% are achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43074.},
keywords = {Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
ABSTRACT Polycarbonate (PC) sheet is a promising material for facile patterning to induce hydrophobic self-cleaning and dust repelling properties for photovoltaic panels’ protection. An investigation to texture PC sheet surfaces to develop a self-cleaning structure using solvent induced-crystallization is carried out using acetone. Acetone is applied in both liquid and vapor states to generate a hierarchically structured surface that would improve its contacts angle and therefore improve hydrophobicity. The surface texture is investigated and characterized using atomic force microscopy, contact angle technique (Goniometer), optical microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings revealed that the liquid acetone-induced crystallization of PC surface leads to a hierarchal and hydrophobic surface with an average contact angle of 135° and average transmittance <2%. However, the acetone vapor induced-crystallization results in a slightly hydrophilic hierarchal textured surface with high transmittance; in which case, average contact angle of 89° and average transmittance of 69% are achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43074.
44.
Bo Jiang; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Impacts of Industrial Baseline Errors on Costs and Social Welfare in the Demand Side Management of Day-Ahead Wholesale Markets Proceedings Article
In: ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum, pp. 7390-7395, IEEE IEEE, 2015, ISSN: 1558-3783.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Pipe_Leak_Repair,
title = {Impacts of Industrial Baseline Errors on Costs and Social Welfare in the Demand Side Management of Day-Ahead Wholesale Markets},
author = {Bo Jiang and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ES/proceedings/ES2015/56857/V002T12A003/230063},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2015-49459},
issn = {1558-3783},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-27},
booktitle = {ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {7390-7395},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Demand Side Management (DSM},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Demand Side Management (DSM
43.
Bo Jiang; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
A comparison of day-ahead wholesale market: Social welfare vs industrial demand side management Proceedings Article
In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), pp. 2742-2749, IEEE IEEE, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4799-7800-7.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Uncertainty estimation and calibration for modeling
@inproceedings{MRL_UEC_Welfare_vs_DSM,
title = {A comparison of day-ahead wholesale market: Social welfare vs industrial demand side management},
author = {Bo Jiang and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7125502?section=abstract},
doi = {10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125502},
isbn = {978-1-4799-7800-7},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-18},
booktitle = {2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)},
pages = {2742-2749},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {The intermittent nature of renewable energy has been discussed in the context of the operational challenges that it brings to electrical grid reliability. In contrast, Demand Side Management (DSM) with its ability to allow customers to adjust electricity consumption in response to market signals has often been recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the variable effects of renewable energy. However, the industrial & academic literature have taken divergent approaches to DSM implementation. Academic studies often implement demand side management on the basis of a social welfare maximization. Meanwhile, industrial implementations minimize total system costs where customers are compensated for load reductions from a predefined baseline of electricity consumption that would have occurred without DSM. This paper rigorously compares these two different approaches in a day-ahead wholesale market context using the same system configuration and mathematical formalism. The comparison showed that a proper reconciliation between the dispatchable demand utility function and the load reduction cost function lead to fundamentally the same stochastic netload mitigation and the two DSM models generate the same dispatch results under specific conditions. However, while the social welfare model uses a stochastic net load composed of two terms, the industrial DSM model uses a stochastic net load composed of three terms, and is thus more prone to error and more likely requires more control activity in subsequent layers of enterprise control.},
keywords = {Algorithms, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Uncertainty estimation and calibration for modeling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The intermittent nature of renewable energy has been discussed in the context of the operational challenges that it brings to electrical grid reliability. In contrast, Demand Side Management (DSM) with its ability to allow customers to adjust electricity consumption in response to market signals has often been recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the variable effects of renewable energy. However, the industrial & academic literature have taken divergent approaches to DSM implementation. Academic studies often implement demand side management on the basis of a social welfare maximization. Meanwhile, industrial implementations minimize total system costs where customers are compensated for load reductions from a predefined baseline of electricity consumption that would have occurred without DSM. This paper rigorously compares these two different approaches in a day-ahead wholesale market context using the same system configuration and mathematical formalism. The comparison showed that a proper reconciliation between the dispatchable demand utility function and the load reduction cost function lead to fundamentally the same stochastic netload mitigation and the two DSM models generate the same dispatch results under specific conditions. However, while the social welfare model uses a stochastic net load composed of two terms, the industrial DSM model uses a stochastic net load composed of three terms, and is thus more prone to error and more likely requires more control activity in subsequent layers of enterprise control.
42.
Andreas Schuh; Iman Soltani Bozchalooi; Ivo W Rangelow; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Multi-eigenmode control for high material contrast in bimodal and higher harmonic atomic force microscopy Journal Article
In: Nanotechnology, vol. 26, no. 23, pp. 235706, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@article{MRL_Multi_Eigenmode,
title = {Multi-eigenmode control for high material contrast in bimodal and higher harmonic atomic force microscopy},
author = {Andreas Schuh and Iman Soltani Bozchalooi and Ivo W Rangelow and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/26/23/235706},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/26/23/235706},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
volume = {26},
number = {23},
pages = {235706},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
abstract = {High speed imaging and mapping of nanomechanical properties in atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows the observation and characterization of dynamic sample processes. Recent developments involve several cantilever frequencies in a multifrequency approach. One method actuates the first eigenmode for topography imaging and records the excited higher harmonics to map nanomechanical properties of the sample. To enhance the higher frequencies’ response two or more eigenmodes are actuated simultaneously, where the higher eigenmode(s) are used to quantify the nanomechanics. In this paper, we combine each imaging methodology with a novel control approach. It modifies the Q factor and resonance frequency of each eigenmode independently to enhance the force sensitivity and imaging bandwidth. It allows us to satisfy the different requirements for the first and higher eigenmode. The presented compensator is compatible with existing AFMs and can be simply attached with minimal modifications. Different samples are used to demonstrate the improvement in nanomechanical contrast mapping and imaging speed of tapping mode AFM in air. The experiments indicate most enhanced nanomechanical contrast with low Q factors of the first and high Q factors of the higher eigenmode. In this scenario, the cantilever topography imaging rate can also be easily improved by a factor of 10.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
High speed imaging and mapping of nanomechanical properties in atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows the observation and characterization of dynamic sample processes. Recent developments involve several cantilever frequencies in a multifrequency approach. One method actuates the first eigenmode for topography imaging and records the excited higher harmonics to map nanomechanical properties of the sample. To enhance the higher frequencies’ response two or more eigenmodes are actuated simultaneously, where the higher eigenmode(s) are used to quantify the nanomechanics. In this paper, we combine each imaging methodology with a novel control approach. It modifies the Q factor and resonance frequency of each eigenmode independently to enhance the force sensitivity and imaging bandwidth. It allows us to satisfy the different requirements for the first and higher eigenmode. The presented compensator is compatible with existing AFMs and can be simply attached with minimal modifications. Different samples are used to demonstrate the improvement in nanomechanical contrast mapping and imaging speed of tapping mode AFM in air. The experiments indicate most enhanced nanomechanical contrast with low Q factors of the first and high Q factors of the higher eigenmode. In this scenario, the cantilever topography imaging rate can also be easily improved by a factor of 10.
41.
Sabrina Titri; Cherif Larbes; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Rapid prototyping of PVS into FPGA: From model based design to FPGA/ASICs implementation Proceedings Article
In: 2014 9th International Design and Test Symposium (IDT), pp. 162-167, IEEE IEEE, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4799-8200-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_PVS_MPPT_Optimization,
title = {Rapid prototyping of PVS into FPGA: From model based design to FPGA/ASICs implementation},
author = {Sabrina Titri and Cherif Larbes and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7038606},
doi = {10.1109/IDT.2014.7038606},
isbn = {978-1-4799-8200-4},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-02-15},
booktitle = {2014 9th International Design and Test Symposium (IDT)},
pages = {162-167},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {A wide variety of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for photovoltaic systems (PVS) have been proposed and developed. These MPPT algorithms vary in many aspects such as the selected criteria and techniques used. In this paper, we propose an effective design methodology for hardware implementation of PVS into FPGA/ASICs. To achieve our goal, we propose the application of the model based design at high level using the Matlab/Simulink which includes the HDL Coder Tool. The approach will assist the designer to develop and prototype in a relatively short time by eliminating time consuming and error prone due to manual coding. The proposed design methodology has been applied to the well know Pertub and Observe (P&O) MPPT controller. The Matlab/Simulink model of the P&O controller is optimized and converted to target, Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for FPGA/ASIC. The whole architecture of the P&O controller has been implemented on a Xilinx Spartan 3E prototyping board. We demonstrate that the generated RTL code can be easily mapped into FPGA/ASICs, which allow the rapid prototyping of PVS with more complex algorithms.},
keywords = {Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A wide variety of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for photovoltaic systems (PVS) have been proposed and developed. These MPPT algorithms vary in many aspects such as the selected criteria and techniques used. In this paper, we propose an effective design methodology for hardware implementation of PVS into FPGA/ASICs. To achieve our goal, we propose the application of the model based design at high level using the Matlab/Simulink which includes the HDL Coder Tool. The approach will assist the designer to develop and prototype in a relatively short time by eliminating time consuming and error prone due to manual coding. The proposed design methodology has been applied to the well know Pertub and Observe (P&O) MPPT controller. The Matlab/Simulink model of the P&O controller is optimized and converted to target, Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for FPGA/ASIC. The whole architecture of the P&O controller has been implemented on a Xilinx Spartan 3E prototyping board. We demonstrate that the generated RTL code can be easily mapped into FPGA/ASICs, which allow the rapid prototyping of PVS with more complex algorithms.
40.
Amith Somanath; Sertac Karaman; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Controlling stochastic growth processes on lattices: Wildfire management with robotic fire extinguishers Proceedings Article
In: 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 1432-1437, IEEE IEEE, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4673-6090-6.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Computer vision for autonomous vehicle sensing, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AVS_Robotic_Wildfire_Control,
title = {Controlling stochastic growth processes on lattices: Wildfire management with robotic fire extinguishers},
author = {Amith Somanath and Sertac Karaman and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7039602},
doi = {10.1109/CDC.2014.7039602},
isbn = {978-1-4673-6090-6},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-02-15},
booktitle = {53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control},
pages = {1432-1437},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Forest fires continue to cause considerable social and economic damage. Fortunately, the emergence of new robotics technologies, including capable autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles, may help improve wildfire management in the near future. In this paper, we characterize the number of vehicles required to combat wildfires, using a percolation-theoretic analysis that originated in the mathematical physics community. We model the wildfire as a stochastic growth process on a square lattice, where the local growth probabilities depend on the presence of robotic fire-extinguishing vehicles. We develop two control policies: First treats only a fraction of burning nodes at a given time, and the second treats burning nodes only at finite time intervals. We characterize the conditions under which these policies can stabilize a wildfire, i.e., ensure the fire stops eventually almost surely. We also provide computational results which demonstrate our theoretical analysis.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Computer vision for autonomous vehicle sensing, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Forest fires continue to cause considerable social and economic damage. Fortunately, the emergence of new robotics technologies, including capable autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles, may help improve wildfire management in the near future. In this paper, we characterize the number of vehicles required to combat wildfires, using a percolation-theoretic analysis that originated in the mathematical physics community. We model the wildfire as a stochastic growth process on a square lattice, where the local growth probabilities depend on the presence of robotic fire-extinguishing vehicles. We develop two control policies: First treats only a fraction of burning nodes at a given time, and the second treats burning nodes only at finite time intervals. We characterize the conditions under which these policies can stabilize a wildfire, i.e., ensure the fire stops eventually almost surely. We also provide computational results which demonstrate our theoretical analysis.
39.
Aramazd Muzhikyan; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
A power grid enterprise control method for energy storage system integration Proceedings Article
In: IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe, pp. 1-6, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4799-7720-8.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Grid_Enterprise_Control,
title = {A power grid enterprise control method for energy storage system integration},
author = {Aramazd Muzhikyan and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7028898},
doi = {10.1109/ISGTEurope.2014.7028898},
isbn = {978-1-4799-7720-8},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-02-02},
booktitle = {IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe},
pages = {1-6},
abstract = {Traditionally, power system balancing operations consist of three consecutive control techniques, namely security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC), security constrained economic dispatch (SCED), and automatic generation control (AGC). Each of these have their corresponding type of operating reserves. Similarly, energy storage systems (ESS) may be integrated as energy, load following, or regulation resources. A review of the existing literature shows that most ESS integration studies are focused on a single control function. In contrast, recent work on renewable energy integration has employed the concept of enterprise control where the multiple layers of balancing operations have been integrated into a single model to capture and potentially control the interactions between timescales. This paper now uses such an enterprise control model to demonstrate the multiple timescale effects as a consequence of ESS integration into a single control action. It also proposes a novel scheduling technique which beneficially exploits this coupling in two timescales. As a result, the ESS scheduling technique shows peak-loading shaving and operating costs reductions in the SCUC and load following reserve requirements in the SCED.},
keywords = {intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Traditionally, power system balancing operations consist of three consecutive control techniques, namely security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC), security constrained economic dispatch (SCED), and automatic generation control (AGC). Each of these have their corresponding type of operating reserves. Similarly, energy storage systems (ESS) may be integrated as energy, load following, or regulation resources. A review of the existing literature shows that most ESS integration studies are focused on a single control function. In contrast, recent work on renewable energy integration has employed the concept of enterprise control where the multiple layers of balancing operations have been integrated into a single model to capture and potentially control the interactions between timescales. This paper now uses such an enterprise control model to demonstrate the multiple timescale effects as a consequence of ESS integration into a single control action. It also proposes a novel scheduling technique which beneficially exploits this coupling in two timescales. As a result, the ESS scheduling technique shows peak-loading shaving and operating costs reductions in the SCUC and load following reserve requirements in the SCED.
38.
A Muzhikyan; A M Farid; K Youcef-Toumi
An Enterprise Control Assessment Method for Variable Energy Resource-Induced Power System Imbalances—Part II: Parametric Sensitivity Analysis Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 2459-2467, 2015, ISSN: 1557-9948.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Control Theory, intelligent systems, Modeling, Simulation, sizing and control of smart grids
@article{MRL_AFM_Enterprise_Control_Assessment,
title = {An Enterprise Control Assessment Method for Variable Energy Resource-Induced Power System Imbalances—Part II: Parametric Sensitivity Analysis},
author = {A Muzhikyan and A M Farid and K Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7018074?denied=},
doi = {10.1109/TIE.2015.2395380},
issn = {1557-9948},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-22},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {2459-2467},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {In recent years, renewable energy has developed to address energy security and climate change drivers. However, as energy resources, they possess a variable and uncertain nature that significantly complicates grid balancing operations. As a result, an extensive academic and industrial literature has developed to determine how much such variable energy resources (VERs) may be integrated and how to best mitigate their impacts. While certainly insightful with the context of their application, many integration studies have methodological limitations because they are case specific, address a single control function of the power grid balancing operations, and are often not validated by simulation. The prequel to this paper presented a holistic method for the assessment of power grid imbalances induced by VERs based upon the concept of enterprise control. This paper now systematically studies these power grid imbalances in terms of five independent variables: 1) day-ahead market time step; 2) real-time market time step; 3) VER normalized variability; 4) normalized day-ahead VER forecast error; and 5) normalized short-term VER forecast error. The systematic study elucidates the impacts of these variables and provides significant insights as to how planners should address these independent variables in the future.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Control Theory, intelligent systems, Modeling, Simulation, sizing and control of smart grids},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In recent years, renewable energy has developed to address energy security and climate change drivers. However, as energy resources, they possess a variable and uncertain nature that significantly complicates grid balancing operations. As a result, an extensive academic and industrial literature has developed to determine how much such variable energy resources (VERs) may be integrated and how to best mitigate their impacts. While certainly insightful with the context of their application, many integration studies have methodological limitations because they are case specific, address a single control function of the power grid balancing operations, and are often not validated by simulation. The prequel to this paper presented a holistic method for the assessment of power grid imbalances induced by VERs based upon the concept of enterprise control. This paper now systematically studies these power grid imbalances in terms of five independent variables: 1) day-ahead market time step; 2) real-time market time step; 3) VER normalized variability; 4) normalized day-ahead VER forecast error; and 5) normalized short-term VER forecast error. The systematic study elucidates the impacts of these variables and provides significant insights as to how planners should address these independent variables in the future.
2014
37.
David Donghyun Kim; You Wu; Antoine Noel; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
RIM Propeller for Micro Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Proceedings Article
In: ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, ASME ASME, 2014, ISBN: 978-0-7918-4620-9.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Computer vision for autonomous vehicle sensing, Control Theory, Experimentation, Fabrication, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_AVS_AUV_RIM_Control,
title = {RIM Propeller for Micro Autonomous Underwater Vehicles},
author = {David Donghyun Kim and You Wu and Antoine Noel and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/DSCC/proceedings/DSCC2014/46209/V003T44A005/229722},
doi = {10.1115/DSCC2014-6282},
isbn = {978-0-7918-4620-9},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-12-19},
booktitle = {ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference},
publisher = {ASME},
organization = {ASME},
abstract = {Micro autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) need small-scale, powerful and safe propulsion systems especially when they are performing missions in pipes and other confined environments. However, the most conventional propulsion systems do not satisfy all three requirements: small, powerful and safe. A micro propulsion system meeting those requirements are developed based on the RIM propeller concept. It is compact and powerful; the complete motor-propeller assembly is 33mm in diameter, 12mm in depth and 16g in weight, and it is capable of producing 0.4N thrust in static water given a 7.1W power input. The paper presents the design, manufacturing and integration of the micro RIM propeller in an AUV.},
keywords = {Computer vision for autonomous vehicle sensing, Control Theory, Experimentation, Fabrication, intelligent systems, Mechatronic Design, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Micro autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) need small-scale, powerful and safe propulsion systems especially when they are performing missions in pipes and other confined environments. However, the most conventional propulsion systems do not satisfy all three requirements: small, powerful and safe. A micro propulsion system meeting those requirements are developed based on the RIM propeller concept. It is compact and powerful; the complete motor-propeller assembly is 33mm in diameter, 12mm in depth and 16g in weight, and it is capable of producing 0.4N thrust in static water given a 7.1W power input. The paper presents the design, manufacturing and integration of the micro RIM propeller in an AUV.
36.
B N Shapiro; R Adhikari; J Driggers; J Kissel; B Lantz; J Rollins; K Youcef-Toumi
Noise and control decoupling of Advanced LIGO suspensions Journal Article
In: Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 015004, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Uncertainty estimation and calibration for modeling, Visualization
@article{MRL_AFM_Noise_Control_Decoupling,
title = {Noise and control decoupling of Advanced LIGO suspensions},
author = {B N Shapiro and R Adhikari and J Driggers and J Kissel and B Lantz and J Rollins and K Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/32/1/015004},
doi = {10.1088/0264-9381/32/1/015004},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-12-10},
journal = {Classical and Quantum Gravity},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {015004},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
abstract = {Ground-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories such as Advanced LIGO must isolate their optics from ground vibrations with suspension systems to meet their stringent noise requirements. These suspensions typically have very high quality-factor resonances that require active damping. The sensor noise associated with this damping is a potential significant contributor to the sensitivity of these interferometers. This paper introduces a novel scheme for suspension damping that isolates much of this noise and permits greater amounts of damping. It also decouples the damping feedback design from the interferometer control. The scheme works by invoking a change from a local coordinate frame associated with each suspension, to a coordinate frame aligned with the interferometric readout. In this way, degrees of freedom invisible to the readout can employ effective, but noisy damping. The degree of freedom measured by the readout is then damped using low noise interferometer signals, eliminating the need to use the usual noisy sensors. Simulated and experimental results validate the concepts presented in this paper.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Uncertainty estimation and calibration for modeling, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ground-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories such as Advanced LIGO must isolate their optics from ground vibrations with suspension systems to meet their stringent noise requirements. These suspensions typically have very high quality-factor resonances that require active damping. The sensor noise associated with this damping is a potential significant contributor to the sensitivity of these interferometers. This paper introduces a novel scheme for suspension damping that isolates much of this noise and permits greater amounts of damping. It also decouples the damping feedback design from the interferometer control. The scheme works by invoking a change from a local coordinate frame associated with each suspension, to a coordinate frame aligned with the interferometric readout. In this way, degrees of freedom invisible to the readout can employ effective, but noisy damping. The degree of freedom measured by the readout is then damped using low noise interferometer signals, eliminating the need to use the usual noisy sensors. Simulated and experimental results validate the concepts presented in this paper.
35.
Reshma C Francy; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Event triggered state estimation techniques for power systems with integrated variable energy resources Journal Article
In: ISA transactions, vol. 56, pp. 165—172, 2014, ISSN: 0019-0578.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_State_Estimation_Power,
title = {Event triggered state estimation techniques for power systems with integrated variable energy resources},
author = {Reshma C Francy and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2014.11.001},
doi = {10.1016/j.isatra.2014.11.001},
issn = {0019-0578},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-24},
journal = {ISA transactions},
volume = {56},
pages = {165—172},
abstract = {For many decades, state estimation (SE) has been a critical technology for energy management systems utilized by power system operators. Over time, it has become a mature technology that provides an accurate representation of system state under fairly stable and well understood system operation. The integration of variable energy resources (VERs) such as wind and solar generation, however, introduces new fast frequency dynamics and uncertainties into the system. Furthermore, such renewable energy is often integrated into the distribution system thus requiring real-time monitoring all the way to the periphery of the power grid topology and not just the (central) transmission system. The conventional solution is two fold: solve the SE problem (1) at a faster rate in accordance with the newly added VER dynamics and (2) for the entire power grid topology including the transmission and distribution systems. Such an approach results in exponentially growing problem sets which need to be solver at faster rates. This work seeks to address these two simultaneous requirements and builds upon two recent SE methods which incorporate event-triggering such that the state estimator is only called in the case of considerable novelty in the evolution of the system state. The first method incorporates only event-triggering while the second adds the concept of tracking. Both SE methods are demonstrated on the standard IEEE 14-bus system and the results are observed for a specific bus for two difference scenarios: (1) a spike in the wind power injection and (2) ramp events with higher variability. Relative to traditional state estimation, the numerical case studies showed that the proposed methods can result in computational time reductions of 90. These results were supported by a theoretical discussion of the computational complexity of three SE techniques. The work concludes that the proposed SE techniques demonstrate practical improvements to the computational complexity of classical state estimation. In such a way, state estimation can continue to support the necessary control actions to mitigate the imbalances resulting from the uncertainties in renewables.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
For many decades, state estimation (SE) has been a critical technology for energy management systems utilized by power system operators. Over time, it has become a mature technology that provides an accurate representation of system state under fairly stable and well understood system operation. The integration of variable energy resources (VERs) such as wind and solar generation, however, introduces new fast frequency dynamics and uncertainties into the system. Furthermore, such renewable energy is often integrated into the distribution system thus requiring real-time monitoring all the way to the periphery of the power grid topology and not just the (central) transmission system. The conventional solution is two fold: solve the SE problem (1) at a faster rate in accordance with the newly added VER dynamics and (2) for the entire power grid topology including the transmission and distribution systems. Such an approach results in exponentially growing problem sets which need to be solver at faster rates. This work seeks to address these two simultaneous requirements and builds upon two recent SE methods which incorporate event-triggering such that the state estimator is only called in the case of considerable novelty in the evolution of the system state. The first method incorporates only event-triggering while the second adds the concept of tracking. Both SE methods are demonstrated on the standard IEEE 14-bus system and the results are observed for a specific bus for two difference scenarios: (1) a spike in the wind power injection and (2) ramp events with higher variability. Relative to traditional state estimation, the numerical case studies showed that the proposed methods can result in computational time reductions of 90. These results were supported by a theoretical discussion of the computational complexity of three SE techniques. The work concludes that the proposed SE techniques demonstrate practical improvements to the computational complexity of classical state estimation. In such a way, state estimation can continue to support the necessary control actions to mitigate the imbalances resulting from the uncertainties in renewables.
34.
William Lubega; Apoorva Santhosh; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
An Integrated Energy and Water Market for the Supply Side of the Energy-Water Nexus in the Engineered Infrastructure Proceedings Article
In: ASME 2014 Power Conference, 2014, ISBN: 978-0-7918-4609-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Integrated_Electric_Water,
title = {An Integrated Energy and Water Market for the Supply Side of the Energy-Water Nexus in the Engineered Infrastructure},
author = {William Lubega and Apoorva Santhosh and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/POWER/proceedings/POWER2014/46094/V002T10A003/282270},
doi = {10.1115/POWER2014-32075},
isbn = {978-0-7918-4609-4},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-19},
booktitle = {ASME 2014 Power Conference},
abstract = {In regions that utilize thermal desalination as part of their water supply portfolio, the cogeneration of water and power in cogeneration desalination plants couples the supply sides of the electricity and water grids. For a fixed plant design, there is a limited range of ratios of generated electric power to produced water at any given time. Due to this coupling, electricity and water require co-optimization. In an environment in which electricity supply is determined by deregulated wholesale markets, this need for co-optimization suggests a need for integrated electricity and water markets. In this market, independent power producers, independent water producers and independent cogeneration plants would submit bids to satisfy demand over a time horizon to a clearing mechanism, indicating relevant physical constraints. The mechanism would then optimize supply of both electricity and water over the time horizon of interest. Recently, a simultaneous co-optimization method has been contributed for the economic dispatch of networks that include water, power and cogeneration facilities in such an integrated market. This paper builds upon this foundation with the introduction of the corresponding unit commitment problem.},
keywords = {Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In regions that utilize thermal desalination as part of their water supply portfolio, the cogeneration of water and power in cogeneration desalination plants couples the supply sides of the electricity and water grids. For a fixed plant design, there is a limited range of ratios of generated electric power to produced water at any given time. Due to this coupling, electricity and water require co-optimization. In an environment in which electricity supply is determined by deregulated wholesale markets, this need for co-optimization suggests a need for integrated electricity and water markets. In this market, independent power producers, independent water producers and independent cogeneration plants would submit bids to satisfy demand over a time horizon to a clearing mechanism, indicating relevant physical constraints. The mechanism would then optimize supply of both electricity and water over the time horizon of interest. Recently, a simultaneous co-optimization method has been contributed for the economic dispatch of networks that include water, power and cogeneration facilities in such an integrated market. This paper builds upon this foundation with the introduction of the corresponding unit commitment problem.
33.
Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou; You Wu; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Rached Ben-Mansour
MIT Leak Detector: An in-pipe leak detection robot Proceedings Article
In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 2091-2091, IEEE IEEE, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3685-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical Systems Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Leak_Detecting_Robot,
title = {MIT Leak Detector: An in-pipe leak detection robot},
author = {Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou and You Wu and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Rached Ben-Mansour},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6907144},
doi = {10.1109/ICRA.2014.6907144},
isbn = {978-1-4799-3685-4},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-24},
booktitle = {2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
pages = {2091-2091},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {In this work we present a new in-pipe leak detection robot, the MIT Leak Detector. The system performs autonomous leak detection in gas pipes in a reliable and robust fashion. Detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of the leak. As the MIT Leak Detector travels through pipes, it picks up the pressure gradient in case of leaks via a carefully designed detector. In this work we demonstrate the performance of the system in a lab setup, which consists of 100mm ID pipes containing pressurized air.},
keywords = {Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical Systems Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this work we present a new in-pipe leak detection robot, the MIT Leak Detector. The system performs autonomous leak detection in gas pipes in a reliable and robust fashion. Detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of the leak. As the MIT Leak Detector travels through pipes, it picks up the pressure gradient in case of leaks via a carefully designed detector. In this work we demonstrate the performance of the system in a lab setup, which consists of 100mm ID pipes containing pressurized air.
32.
Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Rached Ben-Mansour
Modeling and analysis of an in-pipe robotic leak detector Proceedings Article
In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3351-3357, IEEE, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3685-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical Systems Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Analysis_Leak_Detection,
title = {Modeling and analysis of an in-pipe robotic leak detector},
author = {Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Rached Ben-Mansour},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6907341},
doi = {10.1109/ICRA.2014.6907341},
isbn = {978-1-4799-3685-4},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-09-24},
booktitle = {2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
pages = {3351-3357},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Leakage is the most important factor for unaccounted losses in any pipe network around the world. Most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, lack in reliability and depend on user experience for data extraction. This paper is about a novel system for robotic pipe integrity inspection. Unlike existing systems, detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of a leak. This phenomenon is translated into force measurements via a specially designed and instrumented mechanical embodiment (detector). In this paper an analytic dynamic model of the robotic detector is derived and studied. A prototype is built and the main concepts are validated via experiments.},
keywords = {Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical Systems Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Leakage is the most important factor for unaccounted losses in any pipe network around the world. Most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, lack in reliability and depend on user experience for data extraction. This paper is about a novel system for robotic pipe integrity inspection. Unlike existing systems, detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of a leak. This phenomenon is translated into force measurements via a specially designed and instrumented mechanical embodiment (detector). In this paper an analytic dynamic model of the robotic detector is derived and studied. A prototype is built and the main concepts are validated via experiments.
31.
Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Rached Ben-Mansour
Detection estimation algorithms for in-pipe leak detection Proceedings Article
In: 2014 American Control Conference, pp. 5508-5514, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3274-0.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics and Automation, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Estimation_Algorithms,
title = {Detection estimation algorithms for in-pipe leak detection},
author = {Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Rached Ben-Mansour},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6859203},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2014.6859203},
isbn = {978-1-4799-3274-0},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-07-21},
booktitle = {2014 American Control Conference},
pages = {5508-5514},
abstract = {Leakage is the most important factor for unaccounted losses in any pipe network around the world. However, most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, lack in reliability and/or depend on user experience for data interpretation. In this paper we present a new, autonomous, in-pipe, leak detection system. The detection principle is based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of a leak in a pressurized pipe. This phenomenon is translated into force measurements via a carefully designed and instrumented mechanical embodiment (MIT Leak Detector). We then introduce a detection and estimation scheme. The latter one allows not only for the reliable detection, but also for the estimation of the incidence angle and the magnitude of the forces that are associated with the leak. Finally, a prototype is built and experiments in pipes are conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Control Theory, Experimentation, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics and Automation, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Leakage is the most important factor for unaccounted losses in any pipe network around the world. However, most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, lack in reliability and/or depend on user experience for data interpretation. In this paper we present a new, autonomous, in-pipe, leak detection system. The detection principle is based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of a leak in a pressurized pipe. This phenomenon is translated into force measurements via a carefully designed and instrumented mechanical embodiment (MIT Leak Detector). We then introduce a detection and estimation scheme. The latter one allows not only for the reliable detection, but also for the estimation of the incidence angle and the magnitude of the forces that are associated with the leak. Finally, a prototype is built and experiments in pipes are conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
30.
Soltani I Bozchalooi; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Control design for division and compensation with application to high-speed/large-range nano-positioning Proceedings Article
In: 2014 American Control Conference, pp. 1643-1648, IEEE IEEE, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3274-0.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_AFM_Nano_Positioning_Control,
title = {Control design for division and compensation with application to high-speed/large-range nano-positioning},
author = {Soltani I Bozchalooi and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6859262},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2014.6859262},
isbn = {978-1-4799-3274-0},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-07-21},
booktitle = {2014 American Control Conference},
pages = {1643-1648},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {In this paper an easy to implement control design strategy is proposed to achieve large range and high speed nano-positioning. The designed controllers aim to divide the positioning task between multiple large range/low speed and small range/high speed nano-positioners. Each controller assigns the proper frequency range to individual nano-positioners, and simultaneously compensates for the corresponding excited dynamics at high positioning speeds. Control design is formulated in the form of several single input-single output (SISO) system identification problems. The proposed approach removes the need for fundamental changes in the design of the conventional scanners such as piezo tubes for applications necessitating high speed and large range nano-positioning.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper an easy to implement control design strategy is proposed to achieve large range and high speed nano-positioning. The designed controllers aim to divide the positioning task between multiple large range/low speed and small range/high speed nano-positioners. Each controller assigns the proper frequency range to individual nano-positioners, and simultaneously compensates for the corresponding excited dynamics at high positioning speeds. Control design is formulated in the form of several single input-single output (SISO) system identification problems. The proposed approach removes the need for fundamental changes in the design of the conventional scanners such as piezo tubes for applications necessitating high speed and large range nano-positioning.
29.
Aramazd Muzhikyan; A M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
An enhanced method for the determination of load following reserves Proceedings Article
In: 2014 American Control Conference, pp. 926-933, IEEE IEEE, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3274-0.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Reserve_Quantification,
title = {An enhanced method for the determination of load following reserves},
author = {Aramazd Muzhikyan and A M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6859254&isnumber=6858556},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2014.6859254},
isbn = {978-1-4799-3274-0},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-07-21},
booktitle = {2014 American Control Conference},
pages = {926-933},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Power generation reserves play a central role for maintaining the balance of generation and consumption. Reserves, scheduled in advance, compensate for forecast error, variability and transmission losses. However, as reserves are a costly commodity, their amount should be carefully assessed to prevent unnecessary expense. Currently, the quantity of required reserves are determined based upon a posteriori methods that use operator's experience and established assumptions. This paper instead presents a method founded upon non-dimensional numbers and digitial signal processing to determine the quantity of load following reserves a priori.},
keywords = {intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Power generation reserves play a central role for maintaining the balance of generation and consumption. Reserves, scheduled in advance, compensate for forecast error, variability and transmission losses. However, as reserves are a costly commodity, their amount should be carefully assessed to prevent unnecessary expense. Currently, the quantity of required reserves are determined based upon a posteriori methods that use operator's experience and established assumptions. This paper instead presents a method founded upon non-dimensional numbers and digitial signal processing to determine the quantity of load following reserves a priori.
28.
Ethan B Heller; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Analysis and control of a thermal management system for robots in temperature-restricted environments Proceedings Article
In: 2014 American Control Conference, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3274-0.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_DDL_Thermal_Robot_Management,
title = {Analysis and control of a thermal management system for robots in temperature-restricted environments},
author = {Ethan B Heller and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6858774&isnumber=6858556},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2014.6858774},
isbn = {978-1-4799-3274-0},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-06-01},
booktitle = {2014 American Control Conference},
abstract = {Detailed simulations were performed with a model of a proposed thermal management system (TMS) that allows robots to operate within environments that are hostile to the free expulsion of waste heat. Previous simulations have shown that a closed-loop control method is necessary for the proposed TMS to maintain proper robot operation for long missions. A closed-loop control based on model-predictive methods was constructed in MATLAB around the model of the TMS so long missions are possible without violating any of the operating constraints of the robot or the environment. The closed-loop simulations results show that the control successfully maintains robot operation within the environment for a long mission.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, intelligent systems, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Detailed simulations were performed with a model of a proposed thermal management system (TMS) that allows robots to operate within environments that are hostile to the free expulsion of waste heat. Previous simulations have shown that a closed-loop control method is necessary for the proposed TMS to maintain proper robot operation for long missions. A closed-loop control based on model-predictive methods was constructed in MATLAB around the model of the TMS so long missions are possible without violating any of the operating constraints of the robot or the environment. The closed-loop simulations results show that the control successfully maintains robot operation within the environment for a long mission.
27.
Apoorva Santhosh; Amro Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Real-time economic dispatch for the supply side of the energy-water nexus Journal Article
In: Applied Energy, vol. 122, pp. 42–52, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, intelligent systems, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_Economic_Energy_Water_Nexus,
title = {Real-time economic dispatch for the supply side of the energy-water nexus},
author = {Apoorva Santhosh and Amro Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.062},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-06-01},
journal = {Applied Energy},
volume = {122},
pages = {42–52},
publisher = {researchgate},
abstract = {Clean energy and water are two essential resources that any society must securely deliver. Their usage raises sustainability issues and questions of nations’ resilience in face of global changes and mega-trends such as population growth, global climate change, and economic growth. Traditionally, the infrastructure systems that deliver these precious commodities, the water distribution and power transmission networks are thought of as separate, uncoupled systems. However, in reality, they are very much coupled in what is commonly known as the energy-water nexus. Although this subject has recently caught the attention of numerous policy and regulatory agencies, rarely is it holistically addressed in terms of an integrated engineering system for its management, planning, and regulation as an interdisciplinary concern. This work specifically fills this gap by addressing the supply side of this integrated engineering system. Specifically, it develops the multi-plant real-time simultaneous economic dispatch of power and water. While significant background literature has addressed traditional power dispatch, and the emerging co-dispatch of power and heat, as of now there does not exist a parameterized model for the optimized dispatch of power and water for multiple power, water, and coproduction facilities. The work presents such a model where production costs are minimized subject to capacity, demand and process constraints. It is demonstrated on an illustrative example of modest size. Interesting results were observed suggesting that the coproduction minimum capacity limits and process constraints can lead to scenarios where cheaper single product plants can be crowded out of the dispatch. The program provides a systematic method of achieving optimal results and can serve as a basis for set-points upon which individual plants can implement their optimal control. In so doing, it makes a supply-side contribution to the ongoing grand-challenge of improving the sustainability of the energy-water nexus.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Control Theory, Data-driven learning for intelligent machine maintenance, intelligent systems, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Clean energy and water are two essential resources that any society must securely deliver. Their usage raises sustainability issues and questions of nations’ resilience in face of global changes and mega-trends such as population growth, global climate change, and economic growth. Traditionally, the infrastructure systems that deliver these precious commodities, the water distribution and power transmission networks are thought of as separate, uncoupled systems. However, in reality, they are very much coupled in what is commonly known as the energy-water nexus. Although this subject has recently caught the attention of numerous policy and regulatory agencies, rarely is it holistically addressed in terms of an integrated engineering system for its management, planning, and regulation as an interdisciplinary concern. This work specifically fills this gap by addressing the supply side of this integrated engineering system. Specifically, it develops the multi-plant real-time simultaneous economic dispatch of power and water. While significant background literature has addressed traditional power dispatch, and the emerging co-dispatch of power and heat, as of now there does not exist a parameterized model for the optimized dispatch of power and water for multiple power, water, and coproduction facilities. The work presents such a model where production costs are minimized subject to capacity, demand and process constraints. It is demonstrated on an illustrative example of modest size. Interesting results were observed suggesting that the coproduction minimum capacity limits and process constraints can lead to scenarios where cheaper single product plants can be crowded out of the dispatch. The program provides a systematic method of achieving optimal results and can serve as a basis for set-points upon which individual plants can implement their optimal control. In so doing, it makes a supply-side contribution to the ongoing grand-challenge of improving the sustainability of the energy-water nexus.
26.
Sergio Rivera; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
A multi-agent system transient stability platform for resilient self-healing operation of multiple microgrids Proceedings Article
In: ISGT 2014, pp. 1-5, IEEE IEEE, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-3653-3.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Computational Intelligence, intelligent systems, Modeling; Systems and Control of Smart Grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Multi_Agent_Micro_Grid,
title = {A multi-agent system transient stability platform for resilient self-healing operation of multiple microgrids},
author = {Sergio Rivera and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6816377},
doi = {10.1109/ISGT.2014.6816377},
isbn = {978-1-4799-3653-3},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-05-19},
booktitle = {ISGT 2014},
pages = {1-5},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {This paper proposes a multi-agent transient stability platform for the study of self-operation of multiple microgrids. This platform combines a MATLAB-based time domain simulation of the grid's transient stability with a JAVA-JADE (JAVA Agent DEvelopment Framework) which supports the development of multi-agent systems that utilize distributed artificial intelligence techniques that support simultaneous, geographically-distributed, and coordinated decision-making techniques. This hybrid platform leverages the numerical strengths of MATLAB with JAVA's multi-threaded decision-making capability. To that effect, the platform was tested on two complementary test cases: one to demonstrate a dynamic reconfiguration capability and another to demonstrate the decentralized dispatch of multiple microgrids. The work presents many opportunities for future developments in the domain of resilient self-healing operation of power grids.},
keywords = {Computational Intelligence, intelligent systems, Modeling; Systems and Control of Smart Grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper proposes a multi-agent transient stability platform for the study of self-operation of multiple microgrids. This platform combines a MATLAB-based time domain simulation of the grid's transient stability with a JAVA-JADE (JAVA Agent DEvelopment Framework) which supports the development of multi-agent systems that utilize distributed artificial intelligence techniques that support simultaneous, geographically-distributed, and coordinated decision-making techniques. This hybrid platform leverages the numerical strengths of MATLAB with JAVA's multi-threaded decision-making capability. To that effect, the platform was tested on two complementary test cases: one to demonstrate a dynamic reconfiguration capability and another to demonstrate the decentralized dispatch of multiple microgrids. The work presents many opportunities for future developments in the domain of resilient self-healing operation of power grids.
25.
Dalei Wu; Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Samir Mekid; Rached Ben-Mansour
Channel-Aware Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks for Pipeline Inspection Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the American Control Conference (2013), ACC ACC, 2014, ISSN: 1536-1276.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Node_Pipeline_Inspection,
title = {Channel-Aware Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks for Pipeline Inspection},
author = {Dalei Wu and Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Samir Mekid and Rached Ben-Mansour},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261282962_Channel-Aware_Relay_Node_Placement_in_Wireless_Sensor_Networks_for_Pipeline_Inspection},
doi = {10.1109/TWC.2014.2314120},
issn = {1536-1276},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-03-24},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the American Control Conference (2013)},
publisher = {ACC},
organization = {ACC},
abstract = {Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide an effective approach for underground pipeline inspection. Such WSNs comprise of sensor nodes (SNs) and relay nodes (RNs) for information sensing and communication. WSNs can perform accurate and realtime inspection, especially in adverse environments. However, transmitting information between underground and aboveground nodes is very challenging due to the mobility and limited energy supply of the SNs as well as complex radio propagation environment. Therefore, proper deployment of a WSN is critical to provide reliable communications and efficient inspection. This paper presents a methodology for deploying aboveground RNs in WSNs. Specifically, it provides an optimum placement of RNs along with energy use so as to allow reliable communications. This method takes into account characteristics of the wireless channels, energy consumption, pipeline coverage requirements, and SN's transmission power levels. The paper provides a path loss model for radio propagation over multiple transmission media and an algorithm for optimization of RN placement and SN's transmission power. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed framework.},
keywords = {Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide an effective approach for underground pipeline inspection. Such WSNs comprise of sensor nodes (SNs) and relay nodes (RNs) for information sensing and communication. WSNs can perform accurate and realtime inspection, especially in adverse environments. However, transmitting information between underground and aboveground nodes is very challenging due to the mobility and limited energy supply of the SNs as well as complex radio propagation environment. Therefore, proper deployment of a WSN is critical to provide reliable communications and efficient inspection. This paper presents a methodology for deploying aboveground RNs in WSNs. Specifically, it provides an optimum placement of RNs along with energy use so as to allow reliable communications. This method takes into account characteristics of the wireless channels, energy consumption, pipeline coverage requirements, and SN's transmission power levels. The paper provides a path loss model for radio propagation over multiple transmission media and an algorithm for optimization of RN placement and SN's transmission power. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed framework.
24.
Apoorva Santhosh; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Optimal network flow for the supply side of the energy-water nexus Proceedings Article
In: 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Inteligent Energy Systems (IWIES), pp. 155-160, IEEE IEEE, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4799-1135-6.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Water_Plant_Sustainability,
title = {Optimal network flow for the supply side of the energy-water nexus},
author = {Apoorva Santhosh and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6698578},
doi = {10.1109/IWIES.2013.6698578},
isbn = {978-1-4799-1135-6},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-06},
booktitle = {2013 IEEE International Workshop on Inteligent Energy Systems (IWIES)},
pages = {155-160},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Clean energy and water are two essential resources that any society must securely deliver. Their usage raises sustainability issues and questions of nations' resilience in face of global changes and mega-trends such as population growth, global climate change, and economic growth. Recently, attention has been paid to the infrastructure systems for water distribution and power transmission and the coupling between them in what is commonly known as the energy-water nexus. Although numerous policy and regulatory agencies have addressed the subject, rarely is it holistically addressed in terms of an integrated engineering system for its management, planning, and regulation as an interdisciplinary concern. This work specifically addresses the supply side of this integrated engineering system framework. It takes as its subject the real-time optimal flows in power and water networks. Significant background literature is brought to bear on this topic including the emerging co-dispatch of power and water and the more well established optimizations for power and water networks individually. The work presents a mathematical optimization program for the co-dispatch of the two commodities for three types of plants: power generation plants, co-production facilities and water production plants. Production costs are minimized subject to capacity, demand and transmission constraints and demonstrated on an illustrative example of modest size developed from standard test cases. On a practical basis, the program can be applied directly in middle eastern countries where water and power distribution are typically under the responsibility of a single utility. Furthermore, the program provides a systematic method of achieving optimal results and can serve as a basis for set-points upon which individual plants can implement their optimal control. In so doing, it makes a supply-side contribution to the ongoing grand-challenge of improving the sustainability of the energy-water nexus.},
keywords = {Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Clean energy and water are two essential resources that any society must securely deliver. Their usage raises sustainability issues and questions of nations' resilience in face of global changes and mega-trends such as population growth, global climate change, and economic growth. Recently, attention has been paid to the infrastructure systems for water distribution and power transmission and the coupling between them in what is commonly known as the energy-water nexus. Although numerous policy and regulatory agencies have addressed the subject, rarely is it holistically addressed in terms of an integrated engineering system for its management, planning, and regulation as an interdisciplinary concern. This work specifically addresses the supply side of this integrated engineering system framework. It takes as its subject the real-time optimal flows in power and water networks. Significant background literature is brought to bear on this topic including the emerging co-dispatch of power and water and the more well established optimizations for power and water networks individually. The work presents a mathematical optimization program for the co-dispatch of the two commodities for three types of plants: power generation plants, co-production facilities and water production plants. Production costs are minimized subject to capacity, demand and transmission constraints and demonstrated on an illustrative example of modest size developed from standard test cases. On a practical basis, the program can be applied directly in middle eastern countries where water and power distribution are typically under the responsibility of a single utility. Furthermore, the program provides a systematic method of achieving optimal results and can serve as a basis for set-points upon which individual plants can implement their optimal control. In so doing, it makes a supply-side contribution to the ongoing grand-challenge of improving the sustainability of the energy-water nexus.
23.
Iman Soltani Bozchalooi; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Multi-actuation and PI control: A simple recipe for high-speed and large-range atomic force microscopy Journal Article
In: Ültramicroscopy, vol. 146, pp. 117 - 124, 2014, ISSN: 0304-3991.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control Theory, Experimentation, Instrumentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@article{MRL_AFM_Multi_PI_control,
title = {Multi-actuation and PI control: A simple recipe for high-speed and large-range atomic force microscopy},
author = {Iman Soltani Bozchalooi and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304399114001491},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.07.010},
issn = {0304-3991},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Ültramicroscopy},
volume = {146},
pages = {117 - 124},
abstract = {High speed atomic force microscopy enables observation of dynamic nano-scale processes. However, maintaining a minimal interaction force between the sample and the probe is challenging at high speed specially when using conventional piezo-tubes. While rigid AFM scanners are operational at high speeds with the drawback of reduced tracking range, multi-actuation schemes have shown potential for high-speed and large-range imaging. Here we present a method to seamlessly incorporate additional actuators into conventional AFMs. The equivalent behavior of the resulting multi-actuated setup resembles that of a single high-speed and large-range actuator with maximally flat frequency response. To achieve this, the dynamics of the individual actuators and their couplings are treated through a simple control scheme. Upon the implementation of the proposed technique, commonly used PI controllers are able to meet the requirements of high-speed imaging. This forms an ideal platform for retroactive enhancement of existing AFMs with minimal cost and without compromise on the tracking range. A conventional AFM with tube scanner is retroactively enhanced through the proposed method and shows an order of magnitude improvement in closed loop bandwidth performance while maintaining large range. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on various types of samples imaged in contact and tapping modes, in air and in liquid.},
keywords = {Control Theory, Experimentation, Instrumentation, Nanoscale video imaging for dynamic process visualization, Nanotechnology, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
High speed atomic force microscopy enables observation of dynamic nano-scale processes. However, maintaining a minimal interaction force between the sample and the probe is challenging at high speed specially when using conventional piezo-tubes. While rigid AFM scanners are operational at high speeds with the drawback of reduced tracking range, multi-actuation schemes have shown potential for high-speed and large-range imaging. Here we present a method to seamlessly incorporate additional actuators into conventional AFMs. The equivalent behavior of the resulting multi-actuated setup resembles that of a single high-speed and large-range actuator with maximally flat frequency response. To achieve this, the dynamics of the individual actuators and their couplings are treated through a simple control scheme. Upon the implementation of the proposed technique, commonly used PI controllers are able to meet the requirements of high-speed imaging. This forms an ideal platform for retroactive enhancement of existing AFMs with minimal cost and without compromise on the tracking range. A conventional AFM with tube scanner is retroactively enhanced through the proposed method and shows an order of magnitude improvement in closed loop bandwidth performance while maintaining large range. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on various types of samples imaged in contact and tapping modes, in air and in liquid.
2013
22.
Reshma Francy; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
An event triggered tracking state estimator for power systems with integrated wind generation Proceedings Article
In: 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference, pp. 1-6, IEEE IEEE, 2013, ISBN: 978-1-4673-5669-5.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Wind_Energy_Integration,
title = {An event triggered tracking state estimator for power systems with integrated wind generation},
author = {Reshma Francy and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6617292},
doi = {10.1109/PTC.2013.6652180},
isbn = {978-1-4673-5669-5},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-11-04},
booktitle = {2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference},
pages = {1-6},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {For many decades, state estimation has been a critical technology in the energy management systems utilized by transmission system operators. Over time, it has become a mature technology that provides an accurate representation of system state under fairly stable and well understood system operation. The integration of variable energy resources such as wind and solar generation, however, introduce new dynamics and uncertainties into the system. Along with increase in variability which needs real time monitoring, state estimation will be extended to the distribution networks which increase the size of the problem. Conventional solutions to this problem result in large problem sets being solved at a faster rate thereby becoming computationally intensive. This work builds upon the recent contribution of event-triggering where the state estimator is only called in the case of considerable “novelty” in the evolution of the system state. Specifically, the concept of tracking saves significant computational effort at minimal expense of error by allowing for the update of system state between two consecutive triggered instances. The new event-triggered tracking state estimator (ETTSE) is demonstrated on the standard IEEE 14-bus system, and the results are observed for a specific bus.},
keywords = {intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
For many decades, state estimation has been a critical technology in the energy management systems utilized by transmission system operators. Over time, it has become a mature technology that provides an accurate representation of system state under fairly stable and well understood system operation. The integration of variable energy resources such as wind and solar generation, however, introduce new dynamics and uncertainties into the system. Along with increase in variability which needs real time monitoring, state estimation will be extended to the distribution networks which increase the size of the problem. Conventional solutions to this problem result in large problem sets being solved at a faster rate thereby becoming computationally intensive. This work builds upon the recent contribution of event-triggering where the state estimator is only called in the case of considerable “novelty” in the evolution of the system state. Specifically, the concept of tracking saves significant computational effort at minimal expense of error by allowing for the update of system state between two consecutive triggered instances. The new event-triggered tracking state estimator (ETTSE) is demonstrated on the standard IEEE 14-bus system, and the results are observed for a specific bus.
21.
Apoorva Santhosh; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Design and Evaluation of an In-Pipe Leak Detection Sensing Technique Based on Force Transduction Proceedings Article
In: ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IEEE IEEE, 2013, ISBN: 978-0-7918-4520-2.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Force_Transduction_Leaking,
title = {Design and Evaluation of an In-Pipe Leak Detection Sensing Technique Based on Force Transduction},
author = {Apoorva Santhosh and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/proceedings/IMECE2012/45202/489/254570},
doi = {10.1115/IMECE2012-87493},
isbn = {978-0-7918-4520-2},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-10-08},
booktitle = {ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Leakage is the major factor for unaccounted fluid losses in almost every pipe network. In most cases the deleterious effects associated with the occurrence of leaks may present serious economical and health problems and therefore, leaks must be quickly detected, located and repaired. The problem of leakage becomes even more serious when it is concerned with the vital supply of fresh water to the community. Leaking water pipelines can develop large health threats to people mostly because of the infiltration of contaminants into the water network. Such possibilities of environmental health disasters have spurred research into the development of methods for pipeline leakage detection. Most state of the art leak detection techniques have limited applicability, while some of them are not reliable enough and sometimes depend on user experience. Our goal in this work is to design and develop a reliable leak detection sensing system. The proposed technology utilizes the highly localized pressure gradient in the vicinity of a small opening due to leakage in a pressurized pipeline. In this paper we study this local phenomenon in detail and try to understand it with the help of numerical simulations in leaking pipelines (CFD studies). Finally a new system for leak detection is presented. The proposed system is designed in order to reduce the number of sensing elements required for detection. The main concept and detailed design are laid out. A prototype is fabricated and presented as a proof of concept. The prototype is tested in a simple experimental setup with artificial leakages for experimental evaluation. The sensing technique discussed in this work can be deployed in water, oil and gas pipelines without significant changes in the design, since the concepts remain the same in all cases.},
keywords = {Algorithms, Computational Intelligence, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Leakage is the major factor for unaccounted fluid losses in almost every pipe network. In most cases the deleterious effects associated with the occurrence of leaks may present serious economical and health problems and therefore, leaks must be quickly detected, located and repaired. The problem of leakage becomes even more serious when it is concerned with the vital supply of fresh water to the community. Leaking water pipelines can develop large health threats to people mostly because of the infiltration of contaminants into the water network. Such possibilities of environmental health disasters have spurred research into the development of methods for pipeline leakage detection. Most state of the art leak detection techniques have limited applicability, while some of them are not reliable enough and sometimes depend on user experience. Our goal in this work is to design and develop a reliable leak detection sensing system. The proposed technology utilizes the highly localized pressure gradient in the vicinity of a small opening due to leakage in a pressurized pipeline. In this paper we study this local phenomenon in detail and try to understand it with the help of numerical simulations in leaking pipelines (CFD studies). Finally a new system for leak detection is presented. The proposed system is designed in order to reduce the number of sensing elements required for detection. The main concept and detailed design are laid out. A prototype is fabricated and presented as a proof of concept. The prototype is tested in a simple experimental setup with artificial leakages for experimental evaluation. The sensing technique discussed in this work can be deployed in water, oil and gas pipelines without significant changes in the design, since the concepts remain the same in all cases.
20.
Aramazd Muzhikyan; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Variable energy resource induced power system imbalances: Mitigation by increased system flexibility, spinning reserves and regulation Proceedings Article
In: 2013 1st IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), pp. 15-22, IEEE IEEE, 2013, ISBN: 978-1-4673-4630-6.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Generalized_Reserve_Analysis,
title = {Variable energy resource induced power system imbalances: Mitigation by increased system flexibility, spinning reserves and regulation},
author = {Aramazd Muzhikyan and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6617292},
doi = {10.1109/SusTech.2013.6617292},
isbn = {978-1-4673-4630-6},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-10-03},
booktitle = {2013 1st IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)},
pages = {15-22},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {The impact of variable energy resources (VER) on power system reserve and regulation requirements has been a subject of extensive research in recent years. However, the conclusions about the scale of the impact diverge, since most of the results are obtained from specific case studies. This paper proposes a generalized approach to the assessment of power system reserve and regulation requirements. It uses a power system enterprise model that consists of three layers: the physical grid, resource scheduling and balancing operations. Resource scheduling is modeled as a security-constrained unit-commitment (SCUC) problem. The balancing layer consists of three components, namely the regulation service, the real-time market and operator manual actions. The real-time market is implemented as a security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) problem. The IEEE RTS96 reliability test system is used for the physical layer. Three main resources contributing to the balancing of power system are studied: reserves, regulation and generator ramping rates. Their impacts on power system imbalance mitigation in the presence of VER is studied.},
keywords = {Algorithms, intelligent systems, Modeling; sizing and control for smart grids, Physical System Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The impact of variable energy resources (VER) on power system reserve and regulation requirements has been a subject of extensive research in recent years. However, the conclusions about the scale of the impact diverge, since most of the results are obtained from specific case studies. This paper proposes a generalized approach to the assessment of power system reserve and regulation requirements. It uses a power system enterprise model that consists of three layers: the physical grid, resource scheduling and balancing operations. Resource scheduling is modeled as a security-constrained unit-commitment (SCUC) problem. The balancing layer consists of three components, namely the regulation service, the real-time market and operator manual actions. The real-time market is implemented as a security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) problem. The IEEE RTS96 reliability test system is used for the physical layer. Three main resources contributing to the balancing of power system are studied: reserves, regulation and generator ramping rates. Their impacts on power system imbalance mitigation in the presence of VER is studied.
19.
A Santhosh; Amro M Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
The impact of storage facilities on the simultaneous economic dispatch of power and water networks limited by ramping constraints Proceedings Article
In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), pp. 922-927, IEEE IEEE, 2013, ISBN: 978-1-4673-4569-9.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Water_Networks_Storage,
title = {The impact of storage facilities on the simultaneous economic dispatch of power and water networks limited by ramping constraints},
author = {A Santhosh and Amro M Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6505794},
doi = {10.1109/ICIT.2013.6505794},
isbn = {978-1-4673-4569-9},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-04-23},
booktitle = {2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)},
pages = {922-927},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Recently, the production and consumption of energy and water resources and their potential coupling in what is often called the energy-water nexus has gained attention as an issue of global concern[1, 2]. Ultimately, a significant amount of water is required to produce energy and vice versa [2, 3]; motivating the need for co-optimization based approaches for the two resources. Recently, one such simultaneous co-optimization method has been contributed for the economic dispatch of networks that include water, power and co-production facilities [4]. That study showed that capacity and process constraints often limit total production cost. This paper seeks to add plant ramping behavior as potentially binding constraints and investigate the impact of water and storage facilities as a technology that can help alleviate binding constraints and lead to more levelized production and cost levels. The paper builds upon the optimization program provided in previous work [4] to develop two optimization programs with and without storage facilities and compares their respective results. Storage facilities are shown to reduce total operating costs and lead to more levelized daily production suggesting that they have an important role to play in the optimization of the energy-water nexus.},
keywords = {intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Recently, the production and consumption of energy and water resources and their potential coupling in what is often called the energy-water nexus has gained attention as an issue of global concern[1, 2]. Ultimately, a significant amount of water is required to produce energy and vice versa [2, 3]; motivating the need for co-optimization based approaches for the two resources. Recently, one such simultaneous co-optimization method has been contributed for the economic dispatch of networks that include water, power and co-production facilities [4]. That study showed that capacity and process constraints often limit total production cost. This paper seeks to add plant ramping behavior as potentially binding constraints and investigate the impact of water and storage facilities as a technology that can help alleviate binding constraints and lead to more levelized production and cost levels. The paper builds upon the optimization program provided in previous work [4] to develop two optimization programs with and without storage facilities and compares their respective results. Storage facilities are shown to reduce total operating costs and lead to more levelized daily production suggesting that they have an important role to play in the optimization of the energy-water nexus.
18.
Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou; You Wu; Kamal Youcef-Toumi; Rached Ben-Mansour
Reliable Sensing of Leaks in Pipelines Proceedings Article
In: AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition, 2014, ASME ASME, 2013, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5613-0.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical Systems Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_Reliable_Leak_Sensing,
title = {Reliable Sensing of Leaks in Pipelines},
author = {Dimitris Chatzigeorgiou and You Wu and Kamal Youcef-Toumi and Rached Ben-Mansour},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/8791279/Chatzigeorgiou_D._Wu_Y._Youcef-Toumi_K._and_Ben-Mansour_R._Reliable_Sensing_of_Leaks_in_Pipelines_ASME_Dynamic_Systems_and_Control_Conference_2013},
isbn = {978-0-7918-5613-0},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition, 2014},
publisher = {ASME},
organization = {ASME},
abstract = {Leakage is the major factor for unaccounted losses in every pipe network around the world (oil, gas or water). In most cases the deleterious effects associated with the occurrence of leaks may present serious economical and health problems. Therefore, leaks must be quickly detected, located and repaired. Unfortunately, most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, are neither reliable nor robust, while others depend on user experience. In this work we present a new in-pipe leak detection system, PipeGuard. PipeGuard performs autonomous leak detection in pipes and, thus, eliminates the need for user experience. This paper focuses on the detection module and its main characteristics. Detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of the leak. Moreover, the proposed detector can sense leaks at any angle around the circumference of the pipe with only two sensors. We have validated the concepts by building a prototype and evaluated its performance under real conditions in an experimental laboratory setup.},
keywords = {Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical Systems Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation, Visualization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Leakage is the major factor for unaccounted losses in every pipe network around the world (oil, gas or water). In most cases the deleterious effects associated with the occurrence of leaks may present serious economical and health problems. Therefore, leaks must be quickly detected, located and repaired. Unfortunately, most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, are neither reliable nor robust, while others depend on user experience. In this work we present a new in-pipe leak detection system, PipeGuard. PipeGuard performs autonomous leak detection in pipes and, thus, eliminates the need for user experience. This paper focuses on the detection module and its main characteristics. Detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of the leak. Moreover, the proposed detector can sense leaks at any angle around the circumference of the pipe with only two sensors. We have validated the concepts by building a prototype and evaluated its performance under real conditions in an experimental laboratory setup.
17.
Changrak Choi; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Robot design for high flow liquid pipe networks Proceedings Article
In: 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference onIntelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 246-251, IEEE IEEE, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Experimentation, Fabrication, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_WDP_High_Flow_Pipe_Robot,
title = {Robot design for high flow liquid pipe networks},
author = {Changrak Choi and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6696360&isnumber=6696319},
doi = {10.1109/IROS.2013.6696360},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference onIntelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
pages = {246-251},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {In-pipe robots are important for inspection of pipe network that form vital infrastructure of modern society. Nevertheless, most in-pipe robots developed so far are targeted at working inside gas pipes and not suitable for liquid pipes. This paper presents a new approach for designing in-pipe robot to work inside a liquid environment in the presence of high drag forces. Three major subsystems - propulsion, braking, and turning - are described in detail with new concepts and mechanisms that differ from conventional in-pipe robots. Prototypes of each subsystem are designed, built and tested for validation. Resulting is a robot design that navigates efficiently inside liquid pipe network and can be used for practical inspection purposes.},
keywords = {Experimentation, Fabrication, Inspection; repair and intelligence for water distribution pipes, Physical System Modeling, Robotics & Automation, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In-pipe robots are important for inspection of pipe network that form vital infrastructure of modern society. Nevertheless, most in-pipe robots developed so far are targeted at working inside gas pipes and not suitable for liquid pipes. This paper presents a new approach for designing in-pipe robot to work inside a liquid environment in the presence of high drag forces. Three major subsystems - propulsion, braking, and turning - are described in detail with new concepts and mechanisms that differ from conventional in-pipe robots. Prototypes of each subsystem are designed, built and tested for validation. Resulting is a robot design that navigates efficiently inside liquid pipe network and can be used for practical inspection purposes.
16.
Sergio Rivera; Amro Farid; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Coordination and Control of Multiple Microgrids Using Multi-Agent Systems Proceedings Article
In: Energypath 2013: Our Global Sustainable Energy Future, 2013, ISBN: 978-1-4673-5669-5.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Multi_Microgrid_Coordination,
title = {Coordination and Control of Multiple Microgrids Using Multi-Agent Systems},
author = {Sergio Rivera and Amro Farid and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265042254_Coordination_and_Control_of_Multiple_Microgrids_Using_Multi-Agent_Systems},
doi = {10.1109/PTC.2013.6652180},
isbn = {978-1-4673-5669-5},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Energypath 2013: Our Global Sustainable Energy Future},
abstract = {As distributed renewable generation sources continue to be integrated into the power grid, the concept of Microgrids has gained traction. Here, the integration challenge is not just in the control of an individual Microgrid but also in their coordination. This short communication presents a novel approach to inter-Microgrid coordination and control based upon Multi-Agent systems. An architecture based upon physical agents is presented and is implemented on a dual platform of JADE (environment for developing agents) and Matlab-Matpower (power system analysis tool). The implementation is demonstrated for a reconfiguration scenario involving the preservation of vital loads. The work presents many opportunities for future developments in the domain of resilient self-healing power grids.},
keywords = {intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
As distributed renewable generation sources continue to be integrated into the power grid, the concept of Microgrids has gained traction. Here, the integration challenge is not just in the control of an individual Microgrid but also in their coordination. This short communication presents a novel approach to inter-Microgrid coordination and control based upon Multi-Agent systems. An architecture based upon physical agents is presented and is implemented on a dual platform of JADE (environment for developing agents) and Matlab-Matpower (power system analysis tool). The implementation is demonstrated for a reconfiguration scenario involving the preservation of vital loads. The work presents many opportunities for future developments in the domain of resilient self-healing power grids.
15.
Hussein M Abdelhalim; Amro M Farid; Ambrose A Adegbege; Kamal Youcef-Toumi
Transient Stability of Power Systems with Different Configurations for Wind Power Integration Proceedings Article
In: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2013 IEEE PES, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation
@inproceedings{MRL_SG_Wind_Integration_Stability,
title = {Transient Stability of Power Systems with Different Configurations for Wind Power Integration},
author = {Hussein M Abdelhalim and Amro M Farid and Ambrose A Adegbege and Kamal Youcef-Toumi},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6497903&isnumber=6497783&tag=1},
doi = {10.1109/ISGT.2013.6497903},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2013 IEEE PES},
abstract = {Previous transient stability studies investigating the effects of wind power integration into a conventional power system assume the insertion point of the wind-generating units to be at the same bus and interconnection voltage as the synchronous generators they are substituting or complementing. While these assumptions offer some insights into the effects of the wind on the existing system, important points about the physical distance and interconnection voltage of wind farms with respect to the conventional power system are neglected. This paper analyzes the effects of integrating doubly-fed induction wind turbine generators through different transmission line configurations and at different buses. The IEEE 14-bus test system is used in order to compare results with previous works. Results show that connecting wind generators through transmission lines and to different buses introducesdelays in the speed dynamic responses of existing synchronous generators. These delays in turn affect the bus voltage oscillations. Results also show that there is no significant effect on the base cases when using different interconnection voltages to connect the wind. The results of this study can be used by power system operators when deciding how to connect wind farms to an existing power network when optimizing for stability response to a large fault. Overall, wind farms should be connected through additional transmission lines to buses near where synchronous generators are located and further away from loads and higher risk fault areas.},
keywords = {intelligent systems, Modelling; sizing and control of smart grids, Physical Systems Modeling, Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Previous transient stability studies investigating the effects of wind power integration into a conventional power system assume the insertion point of the wind-generating units to be at the same bus and interconnection voltage as the synchronous generators they are substituting or complementing. While these assumptions offer some insights into the effects of the wind on the existing system, important points about the physical distance and interconnection voltage of wind farms with respect to the conventional power system are neglected. This paper analyzes the effects of integrating doubly-fed induction wind turbine generators through different transmission line configurations and at different buses. The IEEE 14-bus test system is used in order to compare results with previous works. Results show that connecting wind generators through transmission lines and to different buses introducesdelays in the speed dynamic responses of existing synchronous generators. These delays in turn affect the bus voltage oscillations. Results also show that there is no significant effect on the base cases when using different interconnection voltages to connect the wind. The results of this study can be used by power system operators when deciding how to connect wind farms to an existing power network when optimizing for stability response to a large fault. Overall, wind farms should be connected through additional transmission lines to buses near where synchronous generators are located and further away from loads and higher risk fault areas.